Author(s)

Purcell A, Crowley M, Silvari V, O Leary C, Ní Áinle F, Bury E, Savage M, O Neill AM, Garvey S.

Purcell A, Crowley M, Silvari V, O Leary C, Ní Áinle F, Bury E, Savage M, O Neill AM, Garvey S.

Why was it done?

Warfarin and Direct Oral Anticoagulants (DOACs) are internationally recognised as high-alert medicines. The Irish National Health Services Executive (HSE) Clinical Programme for Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) identified the need for standardised, national, patient education materials on these high-alert medicines.

What was done?

This national patient safety initiative was actioned through the National Clinical Programme Patient Information Panel. The panel aimed to develop standardised, national, patient education booklets on warfarin and DOACs, that are trustworthy, easy to read, patient-centric, involve end-users, equitable, sustainable, and accessible for patients and clinical staff.

How was it done?

A multidisciplinary patient information panel including clinical experts and a patient partner was recruited. Panel members were diverse in geography, hospitals, discipline, and expertise. The panel included representation from hospital Chief Pharmacists, Consultant Haematologists, Advanced Nurse Practitioners, and a patient partner.
The panel adopted the principles of Quality Improvement, co-design, plain English guidelines, and used expert -panel consensus methodology followed by iterative cycles of national, expert-panel review and feedback. The prototypes were reviewed by the Irish Medication Safety Network, The Irish Haematology Consultants’ Special Interest Group and the National VTE Clinical Advisory Group.

What has been achieved?

The two patient education booklets contain important safety information for patients including risk-stratified information on side-effects with appropriate actions. The Warfarin booklet contains 17 prioritised questions and the DOAC booklet contains 14 prioritised questions. The two booklets were implemented nationally in July 2025 by the Irish HSE and are freely accessible for patients and clinical staff on the HSE website. These are the first national patient education booklets in Ireland on Warfarin and DOACs, co-designed by iterative cycles of expert panel and patient consensus. They are intended to empower patients with safety information , reduce preventable harm, and support clinical staff with provision of standardised information.

What next?

These booklets are intended to undergo research evaluation using a Patient Education Material Assessment Tool (PEMAT) in conjunction with patient evaluation, followed by continuous cycles of improvement. These booklets may also serve as the basis for adoption or adaptation by regional, national and international patient safety and education panels.

Author(s)

Sam Coombes
Michael Jackson

Why was it done?

The project aimed to strengthen clinical pharmacy services by introducing a digital counselling model for commonly prescribed medicines. It focused on improving the quality and accessibility of medicines information, particularly for patients discharged outside pharmacy hours who might otherwise miss vital counselling. Embedding digital resources into routine practice promoted equity, consistency, and inclusivity.

What was done?

Structured counselling scripts were created for prednisolone, glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) spray, and metered dose inhalers (MDIs). These were reviewed, approved, and recorded using an AI voice generator, enabling rapid updates. Accessibility features were built in to support patients with sensory impairments. Finalised videos were hosted on YouTube and accessed via QR codes, while a telephone audio service was provided for patients without smartphones. Codes and numbers were placed directly on medicine boxes.

How was it done?

Quality improvement methodology guided the design. AI voice technology allowed quick production of professional-standard audio and easy updates when clinical guidance changed. Using QR codes and phone lines ensured patients with varying digital literacy could access information. Accessibility was prioritised to support inclusivity.

What has been achieved?

Analytics showed strong engagement: the GTN spray video gained 7,000 views, 40 likes, and 59% viewer retention halfway through. Prednisolone had 2,600 views and 8 positive interactions, while MDI reached 29 views during pilot testing. A fluoroquinolone video was launched in late 2025, with outcomes pending. A staff survey confirmed no undue administrative burden.

What next?

Digital counselling via video or audio is feasible, scalable, and well received by patients. It addresses barriers such as limited staffing, out-of-hours discharges, and health literacy. Unlike written leaflets, often above the UK reading age, multimedia resources provide clearer, more engaging support and may improve adherence. AI technology ensures efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and currency of content. This model is replicable and has strong potential for wider NHS adoption, supporting equitable and consistent medicines counselling.

Author(s)

André Maia; Maria Teixeira; Ana Catré; Inês Margalho; Joana Duque; Marisa Costa; Marta Susana; Miguel Paulo; Tomás Sousa; Vânia Pereira; Teresa Pereira

Why was it done?

Tuberculosis(TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, typically transmitted through the airborne route. Despite being a curable disease, 1.5 million people die from tuberculosis each year, making it the leading cause of infectious death worldwide.[1,2] In Portugal, the most recent data from the National TB Program indicate a notification rate of 14.5 cases per 100,000 population in 2023. Regarding multidrug-resistant tuberculosis cases, the number of cases has doubled.[3] There was a need to restructure the anti-tuberculosis drug management circuit in the Pneumology Diagnostic Centers(CDP), creating a Personalized Distribution of Anti-tuberculosis Therapy (DPTB), to facilitate administration, improving adherence to therapy and therapeutic reconciliation.

What was done?

Pharmaceutical consultation was implemented in a pulmonological diagnostic center and the interventions performed during the Pharmaceutical Consultation (FC) were analyzed.

How was it done?

The pilot project began in collaboration between Pharmaceutical Services and the responsible Physician. Each month, the pharmacist visits the CDP and validates the medical prescription and prepares the DPTB for one month. During the FC, the information recorded by the physician in the previous consultation is verified, patient compliance is assessed, and therapeutic reconciliation is structured. A manual and tools to support healthcare professionals were developed, essential for improving the efficiency of TB treatment.

What has been achieved?

Between April and August 2025, 38 FC were carried out, in which a total of 11 patients with median age 59 years, 7 (64%) female and 4 (36%) male. The patients monitored were divided into: 5(45.5%) with latent TB, 3(27.3%) with active TB, and 3(27.3%) with atypical mycobacteria. The TB infection, 1(33.3%) case of pulmonary TB, 1(33.3%) of lymph node, and 1 (33.3%) of ocular TB. During the FC, 7 interventions were carried out: 1 drug interactions, 3 teaching and promotion of adherence to therapy, and 3 on adverse reactions (AE).

What next?

Pharmacists’ interventions in educating patients, counseling on AEs, monitoring and alerting them to risk situations significantly contribute to reducing treatment abandonment, one of the greatest challenges in tuberculosis control. In the future, we plan to conduct these in-person consultations in Primary Care settings for patients referred to by their physician.

Pdf

Author(s)

Christina Anastasiadou – Lead Pharmacist Acute & Emergency Medicine
Karen Dicks – Chief Pharmacy Technician Medicines Management
Radhika Patel – Pharmacy Technician MMS

Why was it done?

Until October 2023, the A&E department in Croydon University Hospital in London lacked a full-time pharmacy service, unlike other London trusts. This has contributed to suboptimal medicine management and a delay in the identification of prescribing errors. This has resulted in longer stays, missed medication doses, and a rise in patient safety incidences. At a hospital level this reduces flow and increases cost due to medication wastage. Ultimately, the aim is to improve the flow of patients within the hospital via timely medicines provision, early clinical pharmacy intervention and early discharge planning.

What was done?

We have obtained funding from the Better Care Fund for a period of 2 years. This funding is aimed at assisting local systems in effectively achieving the integration of health and social care in a manner that promotes person-centred care, sustainability, and improved outcomes for individuals and caregivers. Therefore, we introduced a full-time pharmacy service including one pharmacist and two medicines management technicians (MMTs)—one full-time and one part-time. This initiative was implemented as a 2-year trial period, using key performance indicators (KPIs) to evaluate its effectiveness.

How was it done?

Data has been collected against the below KPIS:
1) Number of drug histories completed on admission, before patient is allocated a ward (by MMT or pharmacist) per calendar month.
2) Number of medicines reconciliations completed (by pharmacist) per calendar month.
3) Number of clinical interventions completed by all members of the pharmacy team.
4) Savings secondary to the use of patient’s own drugs (PODs) brought from home for administration to reduce medicines wastage.
5) Savings due to the return of medicines to inpatient pharmacy for re-use from other patients when appropriate.
6) Time between request of medicines from pharmacy dispensary and medicine being dispensed, checked and released to A&E.
7) Review of stock lists in all areas in A&E.
8) Reduction in omitted doses.
9) Discharge medicines supply and screening from A&E to streamline discharge.
10) Number of patients counselled on their medicines and provided with patient-friendly information on them.
11) Number of referrals to community teams i.e allocated chemist via Discharge Medicines Service, Integrated Care Network (ICN) pharmacists or specialty teams (i.e anticoagulation clinic for newly initiated anticoagulant) to provide continuation of care.
12) Liaising with specialty teams within the hospital to expedite review and treatment in a time efficient and cost-effective way.

What has been achieved?

The current pharmacy team is fully integrated into the A&E service and has contributed significantly towards advancing patient experience, via early pharmacy engagement with patients. During the first 10 months of the project, we have data to show:
1) A 540% increase in drug histories and medicines reconciliation on admission.
2) A 19.525% increase in clinical interventions and early detection of medication errors.
3) We have completed 5 teaching sessions so far, in order to tackle common prescribing and medicines management inaccuracies and embedding solutions into nurses and doctors training.
4) We have contributed towards the reduction in omitted doses by 6%.

Positive contribution towards tackling medicines wastage has been shown too. Our team contributed towards saving £13.110 from April to September 2024 by using PODs for administration in hospital and £10.483 by returning dispensed medications to the inpatient pharmacy for recycling and use for other patients for the same time period.

In addition, the team has completed 66 referrals to the community pharmacy team for follow up on newly started medicines, stopped medicines, adherence concerns and polypharmacy. This is in order to provide continuous care and establish follow-up after discharge from hospital.

All in all, improved safe patients flow in and out of hospital.

What next?

Work towards a business case for a permanent pharmacy service in A&E, to continue further developing the above. Utilise all the skills our MMTs hold, in order to continue working on patient safety, improved flow and cost improvement plans. Introduce a pharmacist-prescriber who will be able to tackle arising problems as soon as possible and provide high quality care in liaison with doctors, nurses and advanced care practitioners.

Pdf

Author(s)

Lucie Malečová, Daniela Seberová, Blanka Zelená, Markéta Hanulíková, Kornélia Chrapková, Stanislav Gregor, Michal Hojný

Why was it done?

Adherence to immunosuppressive medication is crucial for long-term graft survival. Patients receive substantial information from various healthcare professionals regarding new medications and lifestyle choices during hospitalisation and post-discharge. Frequent non-adherence indicated that the existing educational approach led by physicians was insufficient. Our objective was to create optimal conditions for providing these instructions to patients before discharge.

What was done?

In collaboration with the cardiology department, hospital pharmacists created and implemented a new educational project to improve adherence among heart transplant patients. The main activity involves hospital pharmacists conducting educational visits at the patient’s bedside, supported by new educational brochures, materials, and questionnaires.

How was it done?

We created a questionnaire and collected baseline data by assessing the knowledge of transplant patients educated by the existing educational approach. Afterwards, we designed and implemented a six-visit educational program and prepared new educational materials and brochures. A new record system was integrated into the hospital information system to facilitate communication between doctors and pharmacists, documenting educational visits and questionnaire results. The initial three visits, scheduled during hospitalisation, cover the correct use of immunosuppressants and other medications, their interactions, and potential adverse effects. Guidance on recommended lifestyle changes post-transplantation, such as hygiene, diet, and infection prevention, is also included. The remaining three visits occur within one year post-discharge to assess patient knowledge with the previously mentioned questionnaire and adherence to the treatment plan with BAASIS©. During these visits, the pharmacist conducts a comprehensive review of adherence, addresses any drug-related issues, and guides medication changes.

What has been achieved?

Since the project’s initiation, 120 visits have been completed, involving more than 30 patients. The education significantly improved patient knowledge, with educated patients scoring an average of 94% correct answers on the knowledge questionnaire compared to 59% correct answers of patients educated by the existing educational approach. Only three educated patients were non-adherent, with the most common type of non-adherence being failure to take medication at the prescribed time.

What next?

As more patients participate in the project, we aim to correlate their knowledge and adherence with tacrolimus levels and the incidence of rejection. Additionally, we intend to extend this educational initiative to other departments within the hospital.

Pdf

Author(s)

Kristin Michaels, Chief Executive
Tom Simpson, President

Why was it done?

Polypharmacy and medication overuse remain critical concerns in modern healthcare, often leading to adverse drug events, increased hospitalisations, and diminished quality of life, particularly among the elderly. Recognising the need for improved medication management and patient safety, Advanced Pharmacy Australia initiated MedsAware: Deprescribing Action Week in 2022. The initiative aimed to promote awareness and education on deprescribing practices to optimise pharmacotherapy and reduce the burden of unnecessary medications.

What was done?

MedsAware: Deprescribing Action Week is an annual, nationwide campaign involving a series of educational programs, workshops, and collaborative efforts with healthcare professionals. The initiative provided evidence-based resources, clinical guidelines, and decision-support tools to pharmacists, physicians, and other stakeholders, and promoted key messages to patients around deprescribing and quality use of medicines. It also facilitated interdisciplinary forums to discuss strategies for implementing deprescribing protocols within various healthcare settings.

How was it done?

The initiative employed a multifaceted approach combining digital platforms, live seminars, and interactive workshops. Educational materials were disseminated through webinars, online modules, and social media outreach to maximize accessibility. Collaborative partnerships were established with hospitals, clinics, and professional organisations to integrate deprescribing practices into routine care.

What has been achieved?

MedsAware Deprescribing Action Week is about driving conversations around discontinuing medicines that are no longer required, or for which the risk of harm outweighs the benefits.
MedsAware seeks to raise awareness around ‘polypharmacy’ and ‘deprescribing’, empowering Australians and their care teams to manage every medicines regimen ensuring it is current, effective and safe.
#MedsAware supports and raises awareness of Australia’s 10th National Health Priority Area, Quality Use of Medicines and Medicines Safety.

What next?

Building on the momentum, Advanced Pharmacy Australia continues its annual MedsAware: Deprescribing Action Week to continually promote best practices, with the addition of the EAHP through MoU making the initiative global. In 2025, MedsAware turns its attention towards sustainability highlighting the benefits of deprescribing that can be felt all around us – for patient and planet. Future efforts will focus on longitudinal studies to assess the sustained impact of deprescribing interventions on patient health outcomes. Additionally, the development of an Australian national deprescribing framework is proposed, aiming to standardise practices and facilitate integration into healthcare policies and education curricula.

Author(s)

Nina RANJIT, Matthieu GALLET, Anthony TRIPLET, Myriam QUERMONNE , Alexandre COCHET

Why was it done?

The rise of RLT is seeing the emergence of new treatments, using radioisotopes such as 177Lu or 223Ra. The radioactive nature of these treatments raises questions from patients. The aim of pharmaceutical consultations (PCs) is to respond to them by providing appropriate information on treatment modalities, adverse effects (AEs) and radiation protection rules. Thus, we carry out a PC at the initiation of an RIV for all new patients from January 2022 for PLUVICTO.

What was done?

Radioligand therapy (RLT) consists of the administration of a radioactive drug. It makes it possible to treat cancer patients by specifically targeting tumour cells and destroying them using ionising radiation.
These particular treatments raise questions from patients. This is why we have implemented pharmaceutical interviews since 2022 and the beginning of RLT by PLUVICTO® during the first treatment, for all patients concerned. Subsequently, these consultations were extended to other therapies (lutathera, xofigo).

How was it done?

Before initiating RLT to a new patient, radiopharmacists check the eligibility of patients and the conformity of the indication. A few days before the first treatment, the patient’s file is consulted and important information is noted (urinary or fecal incontinence, digestive problems, biological assessment, co-medications). The day of the treatment, a personalized care plan is drawn up by the radiopharmacist and an information sheet bringing together information on the treatment (interval of treatments, dose, etc.), side effects and their management and the rules of radiation protection are provided. to the patient.

What has been achieved?

Collaboration with nuclear doctors has been set up to optimise patient care and information.
When necessary, pharmaceutical interventions are formulated directly to the clinician and plotted in a table.
Facing the success of these PCs we implement them for lutathera and xofigo, the two other RLT available.
In case of side effects, we also declare it to the pharmacovigilance service and give advice to patients and/or clinicians for manage them.
All documents are recorded in the computerised patient file.

What next?

The next step is to evaluate patient’s comprehension before the first interview to adapt its content to the patient.
We also would like to evaluate the patient’s satisfaction and expectations.
Discussions are underway to financially promote these tripartite consultations as exists for oral chemotherapy consultations.

Pdf

Author(s)

Annamaria Tesse, Cataldo Procacci, Domenica Ancona, Salvatore Lenti

Why was it done?

Often the elderly patient suffers from several pathologies at once and commonly he is in polytherapy. According to the Italian Ministerial Recommendation No. 17, errors in drug therapy can cause serious harm to the patient. By increasing the patient’s awareness and reducing the number of potentially inappropriate prescriptions, it will be possible to improve the effectiveness of therapies and to reduce side effects.

What was done?

In an Internal Medicine department, the concurrence between doctors and pharmacists has led to a project that aims to reduce duplications of therapy and to improve the health status of the patients. This through pharmacological recognition and subsequent therapeutic reconciliation carried out on patients in discharge.

How was it done?

In Internal Medicine ward, from June to August 2022, we gather the terapies for 48 hospitalised patients aged over 65 years and suffering from two or more chronic diseases. Reconciliation boards were then developed using Intercheck Web a “Mario Negri” Institute of Pharmacological Research’s software. Sequentially the physician, according to the chemist, proceeded to remodulate the therapies especially in those cases where there were serious interactions.

What has been achieved?

140 drug interactions were detected, on average 2.91 interactions per patient. Especially, 16 class D (very serious), 22 class C (major), 83 class B (moderate), 19 class A (minor) reactions were archived. The modified or partially modified therapies at discharge were 71%. This restriction bought to a curtailment of drugs taken and a removal of unnecessary drugs.

What next?

The team are doing a patient follow-up to six months and a year so earlier results will be soon available. Reducing drug intake is possible, and it involves a downsizing in side effects and in an increase in patient compliance. Information to the patient is essential and, by using this procedure on a large scale, it will be possible to optimise the management of the chronic patient at home and inpatient care.

Author(s)

Miguel Angel Carvajal-Sanchez, Josefa Leon-Villar, Pilar Pacheco-Lopez, Javier Ibañez-Caturla, Paula Torrano-Belmonte, Lydia Fructuoso-Gonzalez, Juan Antonio Gutierrez-Sanchez, Maria Hernandez-Sanchez

Why was it done?

In recent years, we have witnessed a significant increase in the number of thermolabile pharmaceutical specialities, which makes it necessary to keep strict control of the storage temperature from manufacture to administration.

In this context, patient education is a fundamental step in ensuring that these medicines are administered effectively and safely.

What was done?

A study was carried out to determine the quality of the information provided by Hospital Pharmacy Service (HPS) professionals to patients regarding the storage of thermolabile medicines (TM) at home.

After analysing the variability of the results, we established in a protocolised manner the necessary and sufficient information items to be included in the pharmaceutical advice to patients regarding the storage of this type of medicines.

How was it done?

A random selection of 28 HPS professionals (13 nurses, 10 specialist pharmacists and 5 resident pharmacists) was made. Each participant, in isolation and individually, made a selection of criteria to be contained in the patient information regarding the transport and storage of TM.

The results obtained were:

General information:

o Informing that it is a TM: 89.28%.

o Telephone number for incidents: 10.71%.

o Keep out of the reach of children: 3.57%.

o Return if discontinuation of treatment: 3.57%.

Storage:

o Specify location in refrigerator: door/indoor distinction 28.57%; Avoid contact with walls: 28.57%; specific place in refrigerator 3.57%.

o Do not store next to food: 17.85%.

o Refrigerator/freezer distinction: 10.71%.

Transport:

o Recommendations for correct transport: 50%.

o Time elapsed from dispensing to refrigerator storage: 39.29%.

Administration:

o Tempering prior to administration (when necessary): 39.28%.

o Visual inspection: 7.14%.

o Check expiry date: 7.14%.

o Frecuency of administration: 3.57%.

What has been achieved?

Completion, standardisation and systematisation of the provision of information to patients on TM.

What next?

Training sessions will be given to all HPS professionals involved, including new recruits and pharmacy assistants. This is an initiative applicable to all HPS.

Author(s)

Ghalib Abbasi

Why was it done?

As we venture into the 2020s, health-system pharmacies need to consider these novel approaches to deliver pharmaceutical care to their patients given the changing population needs, lifestyles, and available home technologies accessible to most patients. The ultimate goals are to enhance patient safety, increase hospital pharmacy operational efficiency, and maximize revenue.

What was done?

Novel technologies were implemented at Houston Methodist to enhance patient safety and experience. These include voice-activated devices in patient rooms, smart glasses for pharmacists, smart phones for hospital pharmacy service provision, artificial intelligence, and tele-health

How was it done?

Careful infrastructure considerations/build took place along with pharmacist-driven algorithm write-up. During this GPI, we’d like to discuss specific steps to make this happen along with sensible benefits we realized from implementing each technology.

What has been achieved?

Our hospital pharmacists got significantly more involved in direct patient care where notable efficiencies were realized on the operational side. In addition, medication education was significantly enhanced with improved patient access to their in-house hospital pharmacist.

What next?

Next steps include deploying these these technologies to further service lines and patient care areas, as well as investing into further meaningful technologies. We’ll review what’s in the pipeline as well.