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EVALUATION OF RENAL DRUG DOSING ADJUSTMENT IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE PATIENTS

European Statement

Patient Safety and Quality Assurance

Author(s)

Pilar Fernández-Villacañas Fernández, Manuel Ríos Saorín, Patricia Ortiz Fernández, Alba María Martínez Soto, Consolación Pastor Mondéjar, Carmen Caballero Requejo, Lorena Rentero Redondo, Alberto Quesada Asencio, Elena Urbieta Sanz

Why was it done?

Due to kidney pathologies affect the normal pharmacokinetics of many drugs, it is necessary to adjust the dose of the drug for each patient. It is also necessary to ensure effectiveness and safety for the hospitalized patients with renal failure, associated with higher morbidity and mortality. The main objective is to minimise validation and prescription errors.

What was done?

A review of drug dosing according to the patient´s creatinine clearance was performed. This dose adjustment was included as alerts in the electronic prescription system.

How was it done?

For each drug, the data of the dosage adjustment in patients with renal impairment were compiled by consulting the technical data sheets and the national guidelines. In the case of antimicrobials, the information was obtained from the Antimicrobial Therapy Guide 31th Edition March 2021. The data were organized in an Excel table to later integrate them into the hospital’s electronic prescription system.

What has been achieved?

The dose adjustment was made for 848 presentations of different drugs: antibacterials (186), antipsychotics and antidepressants (109), antiepileptics (63), opiates (57), antivirals (49), NSAIDs (26), diuretics (24), anticoagulants (22), antimycotics (21), antidiabetics (15), antiparasitics (11), antiemetics (11), antitumors (4), among others. A large number of drugs are highly dependent on kidney function, especially antibacterials, antipsychotics and antidepressants, making that an incorrect dosage of renal drugs can worsen kidney function and produce toxic effects due to their accumulation.

What next?

This dosage adjustment for patients with renal failure should be periodically reviewed by the hospital’s pharmacy service in order to keep the alerts of the electronic prescription system up-to-date. Additionally, this system can be implemented for other pathologies such as liver failure, or to avoid overdose by establishing the maximum dose limit allowed. In conclusion, the importance of an adequate electronic prescription program that facilitates daily clinical practice is established, preventing possible medication errors.

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