Author(s)

PILAR RANZ ORTEGA, MARÍA ARRIETA LOITEGUI, DANIEL GONZALEZ ANDRES, ANA MARÍA AGUI CALLEJAS, MARIA TERESA POZAS DEL RIO

Why was it done?

– Optimize the workflow:Nursing staff are independent in final product quality control.Dissapear the manual register of compounding sterile preparations.Fewer mixtures are discarded.Also in Pharmacy Service only elaborate the sterile preparations with an economic and safety impact.

– Improve the safety of drug administration in pediatric patients: there are ready-to-use commercial parenteral presentations, which can lead to errors when dosing per kilo,fe: enoxaparin…

– Optimize economic savings:all excess vials are reused

What was done?

Previously,some parenteral drugs were compounded at Pharmacy Service.The rest of the vials were discarded daily,so the pharmacist had to anticipated some elaborations not to throw,so then some were suspended.
Also, the pharmacists done the final product quality control,it could be delayed the dispensing and specially when it´s necessary to repeat the mixture.

The changes were:

– Re-selection of the parenteral drugs compounded at Pharmacy Service by:
• Economic criterio:the cost of drug has to be >20 euros/vial
• Safety for the pediatric patient:redose individually parenteral drugs “readytouse”

– Review the storage conditions:physicochemical (technical data sheet drug,Stabilis web) and microbiological stability (Good practices for preparation drugs in hospital pharmacy services publised by Spain Goverment) of all parenteral drugs previously selected.Although the physicochemical stability is higher,the final stability will be limited by the microbiological stability and the risk level microbial contamination(USP 2004).

– Standard Operating Procedures with structured and updated information

– Reuse of partially used multi dose vials:we reviewed the physicochemical and microbiological stability of open vial

– Final product quality control by nursing staff

– Save time to pharmacist:daily scheduling instead of anticipated elaboration of sterile preparations

How was it done?

– A nurse involved in the circuit change giving her feedback on the changes

– Traceability of the rests of the vials:stickers are affixed to the opened vials indicating the reconstitution data and the expiration date

– Final product quality control should be done by a diferente nurse to elaborated to detect potencial errors

What has been achieved?

The total cost savings for this year is 295.778€. After the circuit´s change, the savings have increased by 55% for liposomal amphotericin b, 51% defibrotide, 24% micafungin.

What next?

Compounding sterile preparations individualized in Pharmacy Service to patients hospitalized at home, transplanted of hematopoietic progenitors and immunocompromised

Author(s)

Mette Lethan, Tove Hansen, Trine Schnor, Louise Rasmussen Duckert

Why was it done?

Oral vancomycin 125 mg four times a day for 10 days, is the common treatment for antibiotic-associated clostridium difficile colitis. As solid oral formulations are unsuitable due to strong diarrhea, an i.v. formulation in a diluted form (10 mg/ml) is used. However, several issues with that use, required the need for creating a new formulation.
The product is used for treatment of kids and adults, often with nausea. The low strength requires large volumes of solution and with no flavoring the liquid is very bitter.
Furthermore, the current solution has a limited stability causing difficulties as it is often desired to treat the patients at home. Therefore, a wish arose for a new formulation with a higher concentration, better stability and improved organoleptic qualities.

What was done?

A new oral formulation of Vancomycin was developed to improve the treatment of antibiotic-associated clostridium difficile colitis. The new formulation consists of the active ingredient (API) Vancomycin as a powder with a solvency for dissolving prior to use.

How was it done?

To obtain the best stability it was selected to make a new formulation consisting of a premeasured API, with a solvency ready to mix before use, to obtain a final strength of 50 mg/ml and a volume equivalent to 48 hours of doses.
Vancomycin in pharmacopeia quality was acquired and analyzed. A solvency was formulated mostly consisting of water, conservation and orange flavoring. A test was conducted with a weighed-out API to ensure that it was dissolvable with the solvency in the selected packaging.

What has been achieved?

A product achieving the wanted changes was tested and made. Making a formulation consisting of a premeasured powder creates the possibility of a higher durability. When mixed with the flavored solvency, the wanted strength is achieved.
The new formulation can be stored at room temperature before dissolving. It can be dissolved by the patient before use and kept refrigerated until the full volume is used. The product is easy for the patient to handle and therefore enables treatment in the patients own home.

What next?

A new product was made. Final use by patients will be tested for ease of use and potential home treatment.

Why was it done?

To solve a problem with a foot wound of a young man not responding on the standard secondary surgical healing intention wound treatments, that appeared at the General surgery department of our hospital.The wound was infected with 2 bacteria, S. aureus and Enterococcus species.The patient was quite long time treated with i.v. antibiotics without result.The wound infections are one of the biggest common nosocomial problems that demand special professional team engagement.

What was done?

Compounded an extemporaneous sterile vancomycine and gentamycine solution for secondary healing intention wound treatment.

How was it done?

A responsible pharmacist being alone on an afternoon duty, initiated a topical application of sterile antibiotic solution according to wound’s antibiogram.The surgeon demonstrate suspicion due to lack of that kind of experience/practice.So 100 ml solution was prepared under sterile conditions of the Department for infusion solutions production in our hospital, containing 50 mg/ml vancomycine and 1.2 mg/ml gentamycin in a 0.9% sodium chloride sterile and nonpyrogenic solution for i.v. administration.According to the SmPCs of the antibiotics manufacturers we determined 7 days expire after production, kept on room temperature.

What has been achieved?

A departmental surgeon has accepted the initiative and treated the wound twice daily at the surgery department.On the second day of applying, the wound edges held closely together and the wound has started epithelialisation.There were not any allergic reactions, significant tingling, itching and pain on the skin around the wound.On the third afternoon of introducing the solution use, the patient was discharged home and reassigned for an ambulatory treatment i.e. daily hospital, for once daily wound washing with the sterile solution.We prepared the second dose of the solution on the 7th treatment day and the wound was healed on the 13th day.

What next?

To incorporate this GPI into daily surgical standard procedures for bacterially infected wounds for a best patient issues.

Author(s)

Denise van der Nat, Anouk Lindemans, Laurens van Rijn, Wilfred Weijers, Elisabeth Ruijgrok

Why was it done?

COVID-19 is an ongoing worldwide pandemic which causes millions of deaths. To reduce COVID-19 mortality and morbidity, vaccines are developed. However, preparing COVID-19 vaccines before administration is a time consuming process. To accelerate this process and increase efficacy for health care workers, the Vaxtractor was designed in January 2021. We aimed to examine the quality of COVID-19 vaccines prepared with the Vaxtractor.

What was done?

Development and testing of a device (Vaxtractor) for semi-automatic large-scale preparation of COVID-19 vaccines.

How was it done?

With the Vaxtractor, the desired volume of vaccine is drawn up automatically in syringes from two vials of vaccine simultaneously. A sterility test, measurement of accuracy and uniformity of dosage units tests were performed in September and October 2021. For the sterility test, 22 syringes were filled with 0.5 ml Tryptic Soy Broth and these were incubated at 25°C for seven days followed by a seven day incubation period at 30°C. For the accuracy and uniformity of dosage units test, 60 syringes were filled with vaccine. Subsequently, the filled and emptied syringes were weighed. Furthermore, a time analysis was performed on manually and semi-automatically prepared COVID-19 vaccines.

What has been achieved?

The sterility test showed no visual sign of growth of micro-organisms. Furthermore, the weight of 60 prepared Spikevax® vaccines deviated less than 5% compared to the average weight of the vaccines. Also, the observed volume per vaccine deviated less than 5% compared to the declared volume. Besides that, preparing COVID-19 vaccines with the Vaxtractor was about three times faster compared to manually prepared vaccines and reduced the risk of needlestick injuries.

What next?

The Vaxtractor can be used to safely prepare Spikevax® vaccines. In the next months we will assess the quality of preparing Comirnaty® vaccines with the Vaxtractor. If these results are positive, the device can be implemented at large scale at the in- and out-of-hospital setting. This will contribute to effective upscaling of COVID-19 vaccination.

Author(s)

CARMEN MARÍA VALENCIA SOTO , ADELA GARCÍA-AVELLO FERNÁNDEZ-CUETO, SARA BARBADILLO VILLANUEVA, MARÍA OCHAGAVÍA SUFRATEGUI, MARÍA VICTORIA VILLACAÑAS PALOMARES, VIRGINIA MARTÍNEZ CALLEJO , MARÍA MARTÍN LÓPEZ, MARÍA RIOJA CARRERA, PAULA DEL RIO ORTEGA, MARTA VALERO DOMÍNGUEZ

Why was it done?

This project aimed to optimize security in the production workflow through automation of anti-cancer drugs compounding.
The use of recognition systems and gravimetric control guarantee traceability and accuracy in the compounding process, therefore improving patient safety.
Robotic systems avoid exposure to cytotoxic drugs, promoting healthcare operator safety. Moreover, once loaded, it runs automatically, liberating the operator for more complex preparations.

What was done?

In 2021, our hospital pharmacy implemented APOTECA platform, including management software (APOTECAmanager), two guided preparation systems for semiautomatic compounding (APOTECAps) and a robotic system for aseptic preparation of antineoplastic drugs (APOTECAchemo).

How was it done?

We configured each drug in the management software: dimensions, density, stability and expiration data, solvent, bags and transfer set information, QR code, etc.
A 3-phases process was scheduled:
– Integration between APOTECA and the hospital’s Electronic Prescribing Software (EPS). Carried out between November and December 2020.
– Training period: 8 weeks between May and July 2021, including pharmacists and technicians with progressively incorporation to real compounding.
– Real production analysis: 8 weeks between July-September 2021 (38 days, excluding weekends and bank holidays). Previously trained staff gradually trained the rest of the personnel.

What has been achieved?

During the 8 weeks considered, 4629 doses were elaborated, excluding clinical trials preparations.
APOTECA production supposed 85% (3944) of our daily compounding: 62,8% (2475) with the 2 semiautomatic systems and 37,2% (1469) with the robot. 99% of the doses prepared in APOTECAchemo were infusion bags and 1% syringes. In APOTECAps, 85% were infusion bags and 15% syringes.
Average dosage error for all preparations was 0,95% (±1,13) for APOTECAchemo and 1,57% (±1,31) for APOTECAps.
Up to data collection, 67 substances that fulfilled the criteria had been processed in APOTECA system and 41 of these in APOTECAchemo.
The top five ingredients compounded in APOTECA were: paclitaxel, carboplatin, pembrolizumab, etoposide and fuorouracil.

What next?

The implementation of this technology has improved patient and operator safety, as well as our daily workflow.
To ensure an optimal use we need to increase robot production by optimizing its operating hours and promoting more preparations in advance.

Why was it done?

The pharmacy received a request for reconstitution of an ATMP Luxturna. The pharmacy or hospital did not have a suitable aseptic facility that could perform the reconstitution in a way that allowed the ATMP to be administered to patients before the expiry after reconstitution (max. 4 hours).

What was done?

Development of a single use isolator for advanced therapy medical products (ATMP) or gene therapy drug preparation was undertaken. The single use isolator had to be mobile to enable pharmacy staff to preform reconstitution directly on ward or in OP-theatre. It had to comply with Health and Safety regulations and at the same time make it possible for pharmacy staff to use aseptic technique to be able to reconstitute ATMP.

How was it done?

A review of isolator technology was performed, and a suitable solution identified. The set-up was further developed in a team with representatives from pharmacy, the eye department at Rigshospitalet-Glostrup. A manufacturer of the equipment was selected, and development performed. The set-up for ATMP preparation was presented to The Danish Health and Safety (DHS) department responsible for handling this type of treatment. The approval was granted after a standard 90-day period. Pharmacy staff were trained in working with the set-up and a dry run made in the eye theatre with the full surgical team.

What has been achieved?

10 patients (19 eyes) have been treated, 4 male and 6 female patients with age span 12-39 years. After having performed the procedure twice there was enough routine to treat 2 patients per theatre day hence reducing the cost of preparation and increasing efficiency of the team.
The pharmacy and surgical team have established a great working relationship and now consider the set-up as routine.
In spring 2021 the set-up was approved by (DHS) for reconstitution of Zolgensma. On July 1 a pediatric patient was treated with Zolgensma using the method.

What next?

Plan to develop the method further and make it available for coming preparations of ATMPs and share knowledge of the method with other hospital pharmacy organizations.

Pdf

Author(s)

Mathilde Roche, Annabelle Angapin, Vincent Blazy, Alexandre Hyvert, Loretta Moriconi, Matteo Federici, Bintou Diawara, Cindy Monnel, Lison Ferreol, Assia Mitha, Hail Aboudagga, Romain Desmaris

Why was it done?

Initially, robot’s operations required prescription re-transcription and chemotherapy relabelling by technicians, leading to manual data entry risks. Robots are known for high-standardised procedures, great repeatability and limited human intervention: adding bidirectional interface enabled improvement of patient safety. Moreover, it shows significant benefits during the compounding process, streamlining pharmacy workflows and ensuring full and paperless traceability.

What was done?

In 2018, our chemotherapy production unit implemented an automated anticancer drugs compounding platform, embedding two APOTECAchemo robots. This aims to meet the increasing patient-specific chemotherapy demands (78,000 preparations/year). In order to minimise human risk and optimise work efficiency, implementation of a bidirectional interface between the robots and the hospital’s Electronic Prescribing Software (EPS) was considered as mandatory, to allow exchange and clinical information retrieval.

How was it done?

In 2020, pharmacists and the IT team defined the interface specifications. Bidirectional information flow was implemented using Health Level Seven (HL7) standards. Interface between EPS and APOTECAmanager was developed and a comparative robot performance analysis was undertaken by evaluating processed drug products, compounded preparation numbers and actual average usage time per day. The staff (i.e. two technicians) remained identical. Data were retrieved from robot’s embedded statistical tool over three months, before (March-May 2020) and after interface implementation (July-September 2020).

What has been achieved?

During these six months, 13,746 preparations were compounded, with 95% infusion bags and 5% elastomeric pumps. Most of these preparations were produced in advance (administration on day+2 or day+3). After interface implementation, the average production raised by 40.5% (from 1,905 to 2,676/month). Interface implementation increased also the average robot operating hours from 3.6 hours/day/robot to 5.8 hours/day/robot (+61.1%). In total, 19 different molecules were compounded, including conventional anticancer drugs and monoclonal antibodies with the number of reconstituted drug vials increasing by 38.1% (from 625 to 863).

What next?

Interface between robots and the EPS was successfully implemented, thereby enabling improved safety and efficiency. Today, syringes and paediatric preparations are still made manually. They require visual and analytical controls to verify their conformity. Mid 2021, a third robot customized for syringes and paediatric preparations will be installed in the compounding unit, to secure these preparations in a more efficient way.

Pdf

Author(s)

Javier Alfonso Buendía Moreno, Andrea Portela Sotelo, Lidia Martínez Valdivieso, Jaime Fernandez-Bravo Rodrigo, Gema Marcos Pérez, Dolores Barreda Hernandez

Why was it done?

Aflibercept is an Agent against Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (VEGF-A) whose intravitreal indications such as Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD), Macular Edema (ME), Retinal Vein Occlusion (RVO), have a high economic impact on a Pharmacy Service (PS) budget.

What was done?

A protocol for the redosification of aflibercept intravitreal therapy was implemented by the Commission of Pharmacy and Therapeutics and the Ophthalmology Service, which proposed the redosification of aflibercept vials into sterile syringes for intravitreal use.

How was it done?

Aflibercept 4 mg vials were recompounded by infirmary staff in a horizontal laminar air flow cabinet into syringes with the recommended dosage of 2 mg, hence one vial could approximately be fractionated for the production of 2,5 syringes.
The variables compiled to maintain the trazability of aflibercept through the programmes of computerized clinical history, MambrinoXXI® and electronic prescription, Farmatools®, were: sex, age, indications, number of spent vials and syringes prepared and average number of syringes dispensed per patient. In addition, it was compared the direct estimated cost of the syringes vs. vials to calculate the saving cost.

What has been achieved?

During the year 2019, 305 patients received aflibercept syringes, 172 (56’4%) were male, the average age was 76 years (41-95). Main diagnoses were 145 AMD, 71 ME, 43 diabetic ME and 33 RVO. The total numbers of vials spent were 341, the syringes dispensed were 1174 and the average number of syringes dispensed per patient was 3’85. The total price of one vial was 612’31€, so one redosificated syringe in the PS approximately costs 204’10€. Therefore the use of syringes instead of vials had a potential saving cost of 331.672€ (58’01%) if the vials would have been used. The cost reduction of the intravitreal therapy with aflibercept supposed a saving of 1’58 % of the total expenditure of the PS during 2019.

What next?

The optimization of aflibercept intravitreal therapy is a big cost-effective measure for reducing costs in a PS. It helps to reduce costs in a therapy that is increasing the number of patients each year contributing to the financial sustainability of Health Systems and improves the efficacy of the resources of PS.

Pdf

Author(s)

FRANCESCA VAGNONI, ANDREA MARINOZZI, SABRINA GUGLIELMI, CHIARA CAPONE, FRANCESCA MURA, ADRIANA POMPILIO, SIMONE LEONI

Why was it done?

The management of CT requires thorough documentary evidence and well-organized reporting system in compliance with the Good Clinical Practice. Since 2009, the entire onco-haematology workflow is fully-controlled by information technology devices and robotic systems to prevent medication errors and guarantee data integrity. The implementation of APOTECAtrial was aimed to extend the same level of control to CTs.

What was done?

In 2018, a clinical trial (CT) managing system (APOTECAtrial) was integrated into the existing fully-automated workflow of the chemotherapy production unit. APOTECAtrial was developed to enable real-time visualization of CT-related data and trace the processing of investigational (IMP) and non-investigational (NIMP) medical products, such as delivery, assignment, preparation, return, and disposal.

How was it done?

A team of hospital pharmacists, physicians, clinical data managers, and IT specialists analysed the CT workflow and defined the system specifications. Data related to IMP/NIMPs (both for parenteral and oral administration), patients enrolled, and investigator/sponsor affiliations were entered into APOTECAtrial and sorted by CT. The onco-haematology unit’s electronic prescribing system was bidirectionally interfaced with APOTECAtrial. Aseptic preparation of patient-specific injectable therapies was implemented in the supporting device for manual preparation that checks dosage accuracy and identity by photographic and barcode recognition.

What has been achieved?

Since 2018, the overall number of CTs managed was 95. In total, 81 IMPs/NIMPs and 135 patients were entered into the system, while 2740 injectable therapies were prepared, 690 oral medications and 60 pre-filled syringes delivered. The following major objectives were achieved: automated inventory accounting and stock management, reduced manual time-consuming activities (i.e. documentation, transcription), standardized reports in digital not-editable format, and full traceability. In addition, audit trail tool tracks all user edits and changes performed at any stages of the CT management by electronically recording user’s name, date, and time. APOTECAtrial was evaluated by clinical research associates (CRA), clinical research organizations (CRO) and CT sponsors and approved for use in the daily clinical practice.

What next?

The project represents a good example of multidisciplinary collaboration focused on improving the quality of the processes in healthcare settings. The implementation of information technology and automation ensures improved data integrity, safety, and working efficiency, which are key determinants for managing CTs in hospital pharmacies.

Pdf

Author(s)

Ana Marín-Romero , Inés Monge-Escartín , Esther Carcelero-San Martín , Gisela Riu-Viladoms , Rubén González-García, Jaume Planas-López , Dolores Merino-Calderón , Rodolfo Juncos-Pereira , Carolina Lesta-Domene , Carmen López-Cabezas, Dolors Soy

Why was it done?

Cytostatics are hazardous drugs that must be prepared under safe and sterile conditions. In some life-threatening situations, there is an urgent need to initiate chemotherapy immediately. However, not all hospitals have experienced personnel in safe-handling cytotoxic drugs for 24 hours and 7 days per week.
The objective is to create a consensual protocol to be used when immediate start of chemotherapy is required, and preparation must be done out of working hours of specialized pharmacy staff. A secondary objective is to confirm that non-experienced staff can prepare cytostatics safely and to guarantee their quality by following this protocol.

What was done?

The oncohematology pharmacy team created a visual guide aimed to pharmacy personnel who do not routinely work with intravenous mixture preparations. This guide includes instructions about parenteral cytotoxic drug preparation for chemotherapy regimens that should be immediately initiated.

How was it done?

Urgent regimens were agreed with clinicians. They are: (i) fixed-dose intrapericardial cisplatin, (ii) intravenous carboplatin and etoposide, (iii) intravenous cisplatin and etoposide, (iv) intravenous cyclophoshamide and (v) fixed-dose intravenous daunorubicin. For schemes with different possible doses, fixed banding doses were agreed with clinicians.
A visual guide with images of all the material and preparation steps (including labelling, packaging and protection measures), for each scheme, was developed and attached to a prescription form to be completed by the physician and associated with a material kit that contained personal protective equipment, expendable material, cytostatic vials and serum bags.
The guide was distributed to pharmacy personnel external to preparation area, accompanied by a training session. Selected trained workers were supervised while preparing the mentioned cytostatic drugs in a simulated-base patient scenario.

What has been achieved?

All the cytostatic drugs were prepared correctly reaching a maximum preparation time of 45 minutes since physician’s prescription. The personnel involved maintained all the specified protection measures and reported feeling confident while cytostatic manipulation.
The guide proved to be useful to cover a possible urgent chemotherapy treatment outside the stipulated work schedule.

What next?

Re-training in safe-handling of cytotoxic drugs should be ongoing with regular updates to ensure a proper follow-up of this guide. This work methodology could be extrapolated to other pharmacy areas with similar needs.