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An algorithm for the process of selecting pharmaceutical companies in a pharmacy department

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European Statement

Clinical Pharmacy Services

Author(s)

Moisés Couñago-Fernández, Marisol Samartín-Ucha, Ana María Regueira-Arcay, Sonia González-Costas, María Alfonsín-Lara, Paula Prado-Montes, Iván Agra-Blanco, Elena Cerdeira-Regueira, Noemí Martínez-López de Castro

Why was it done?

When a new pharmaceutical product should be introduced in a hospital, a multitude of factors must be considered in order to choose a specific brand. A lack of uniformity in the criteria for the selection of new medicines has been detected. To avoid selection errors or arbitrary decisions, a selection structured algorithm was developed using quality tools according to management quality system ISO 9001-2015.

What was done?

To ensure that the process of selecting from several pharmaceutical companies fulfil the requirements of quality and lower cost, a decision-making process for these purchases was designed, through a structured method for the evaluation of new pharmaceutical products based on standardised evaluation criteria.

How was it done?

A multidisciplinary group was created focused on making decisions about criteria. All stakeholders were represented (management pharmacist, quality experts, management assistant and pharmacy director). Also, a survey was given to different specialist pharmacists to complete the criteria. Second, criteria were categorised according to their importance or potential impact in pharmacy practice or patient.

What has been achieved?

The algorithm took into account aspects related to: a)pharmaceutical company and b)aspects related to the pharmaceutical product. Each of these aspects is valued as a percentage.

a)Pharmaceutical company: 40% of the score was based on not having a repeated history of stock-outs, 45% on the evaluation of the provider according to an internal file based on incidences registered, and 15% if the provider was already a known supplier.

b)Pharmaceutical product: 50% was based on the cost of the medicine, 15% unit dose presentation (if applicable), 10% expiry conditions of the medicine, 5% allergens, 5% if it was presented in a pre-filled pen (if applicable), 5% if it could be stored at room temperature, 5% if the drug is supplied in diluted vials (in the case of parenteral medicines) and 5% if it had all the possible indications in the technical data sheet.

This methodology has been used successfully in recent months with the pharmaceutical supplier changes of abiraterone and sugammadex.

What next?

This tool will be used for all changes of medicine brands and new drugs purchased in the hospital, enabling uniformity in the purchasing process for all new drugs.

First Danish pharmaceutical tender with environmental criteria

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European Statement

Selection, Procurement and Distribution

Author(s)

Lone Møller Deleuran, Bitten Abildtrup, Sofie Pedersen, Ulrik Wøldike, Nina Winther Müller

Why was it done?

Amgros is committed to make its mark on the sustainability agenda regarding medicine – both nationally and internationally. Thereby improving access to medicines for patients in a more sustainable way – this project serves as a first step in this direction.

What was done?

In 2021, the Danish procurement organisation Amgros I/S issued the first national pilot tender for hospital medicines in which environment was an important award criterion along with price. Amgros procures 99% of the pharmaceuticals used at public hospitals. The pilot project was conducted to gain knowledge and experience about planning and executing future tenders with environmental criteria. The pilot tender was limited to the hormonal therapeutic area.

How was it done?

The chosen environmental criteria were environmental management, packaging (plastics and paper/cardboard), transportation and social responsibility.
It was a long process, including external help from consultants (The Technical University of Denmark), legal consultation, market dialogue with feedback, developing and adjusting the criteria to comply with national procurement legislation. Hence assuring the evaluation of the offers could be conducted in a meaningful, simple, and structured manner during the subsequent evaluation phase.
As a part of the final tender, a questionnaire was attached consisting of multiple choice questions concerning the environmental criteria. In the evaluation, the price weighed 80%, whereas the environmental criteria weighed 20%.

What has been achieved?

Amgros received 85 offers from 19 suppliers of which 76 offers contained the questionnaire about environment. Sixteen (84%) of the bidding suppliers completed the questionnaire. Three suppliers won the tender solely due to their environmental capability.
The tender with environmental criteria did not seem to discourage suppliers from bidding nor resulted in increasing price levels.
The pilot tender has created a great deal of awareness among the suppliers about the importance of environment and sustainability in production, distribution, and sales of medicine.

What next?

The experience obtained from this pilot tender is paving the way for the future broader implementation of more sustainable medicines in all tenders. Furthermore, the results will be shared nationally and internationally. Hopefully, the results will encourage other countries to incorporate environmental criteria in future medicinal tendering processes.

Croatian hospital pharmacists managing earthquake(s) medical consequences during lockdown(s)

European Statement

Clinical Pharmacy Services

Author(s)

Mirna Momcilovic, Anita Simic, Petra Turcic

Why was it done?

Croatia was hit by 2 big earthquakes in 2020, both happened just right after 1st and 2nd lockdown due to high number of COVID-19 cases. Since most of the hospitals were strategically built on the hills, it was more destructive for them. It also hit a number of community pharmacies responsible for drugs supply to specific areas in the country. There was no electricity, no heating, no drugs supply, no fridge to store drugs, for days, so quick back-up plan was needed to provide minimal healthcare.

What was done?

Croatian hospital pharmacists organised a temporary pharmacy in a tent, filled it with drugs and medical products donated from community pharmacies, hospitals and wholesalers from Croatia and other European countries and started supplying patients with it.

How was it done?

It was modified way of dispensing, without prescription because there was no doctors and no place to prescribe it, based on patient’s medical documentation, if available, and patient’s medication history according to what patient said only. Pharmacists needed to use their knowledge about dosing, duration of action – difference between immediate release or modified release formulations, possibility of splitting tablets into equal parts to get the needed dose and, most important, substituting drugs from the same pharmacologic class (ex. switching from one inhaler for treatment of asthma containing ICS + LABA to another one that was available at the moment), taking into consideration patient’s needs and avoiding drug to drug interactions. Pharmacists provided patients with OTC drugs, free of charge, followed by an advice of how to use it. Non having prescription problem was solved afterwards by Croatian Health Insurance Fund. Also, all the supply of vaccine against COVID-19 available in Croatia at that point, was sent to an area hit by the earthquake. Vaccination was done by doctors, and pharmacists assisted by supplying them with all the equipment needed (needles, alcohol, cotton wool, etc.).

What has been achieved?

Patients were supplied by all the drugs/medical products needed in the first, critical week after an earthquake.

What next?

Following the Croatian example of handling an earthquake situation, there is an idea of organising a medical crisis team, would include pharmacist, in each European country.

Managing Shortages

European Statement

Selection, Procurement and Distribution

Author(s)

Alison Anastasi, Karl Farrugia

Why was it done?

The amount of shortages was considerable leading to interruption of treatment, hoarding, wastage, hospital admissions incurring more expenses. Malta is one of the small EU Member states and its geographical position does not facilitate sourcing. Thereby on analysing the matter further, walking directly into the chaos creating order, inventing, creating, connecting and making things happen was the mainstay since then. The industry accepted the partnership invitation and sourcing increased both from the local and international scenario. Best in class operational efficiency, quality & functional excellence was achieved. According to the National Audit office in 2012, Malta had a recurring issue with shortages of medicines and now in 2016 we have had nil shortages for 30 weeks.

What was done?

1. Establishment of a dedicated team – Emergency Response Unit (ERU)
2. Enterprise Resource Planning inventory management
3. Customer demand forecast modelling
4. Partnership with the industry
5. Innovative procurement strategies e.g. negotiations, therapeutic time-based agreements, e-auctioning, framework agreements, managed entry access
6. Registration: Allowing bidders to register after they were awarded the tender; parallel importation

How was it done?

The challenges faced included influencing and providing leadership to partners in the delivery of on demand innovative solutions, strategic sourcing involving language translations, registering medicines by the department, demand supplier relationships, payment within 60 days, ageing population, procurement services revenue and profit growth. The winning strategy foundation was the interaction and integration of people (internal and external stakeholders) to business information and business intelligence.

What has been achieved?

The department has achieved good results measured by the number of shortages, better quality of life, by reduction of hospital admissions thereby reduction in costs. The average medicine shortages in 2013 was 56; in 2014 (40); in 2015 (5) and in 2016 (1) till October. The budget allocated per year has increased due to longevity however more patients are being treated and the cost savings lead to innovative technology access.

What next?

Having mitigation measures in place such as pre-planned need analysis; choosing the right process; reducing unnecessary care and focusing on sustainability is good practice. Locally this is being implemented for the procurement of non-medicines and in fact cost savings running into millions have resulted.

IS IT POSSIBLE TO TURN AROUND THE TREND ON INCREASING AMOUNT OF BACKORDERS AT THE NATIONAL LEVEL

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European Statement

Selection, Procurement and Distribution

Author(s)

L. Munck

Why was it done?

Globally, we are facing an increasing amount of drug shortages, even though international regulatory authorities take initiatives to improve this.

We have national order data available through one national organisation that manages all tenders and backorders for drug supplies to all hospital pharmacies.

Access to order data enabled us to start this improvement initiative in May 2014, and hence fight the backorder challenge at the national level.

What was done?

We applied LEAN and Supplier Collaboration to turn around the trend of increasing amount of drug backorders to hospital pharmacies.

Our initiative consisted of tight follow-up and continuous improvements with ‘TOP6-suppliers’, (ie, the 6 suppliers with currently the most negative impact on our national drug supply).

‘TOP6-suppliers’ are selected each week at LEAN board meetings.
Tight supplier follow-up, by e-mail, weekly:
We informed the ‘TOP6-suppliers’ that they currently are among the suppliers with the most backorders, and asked them to:

• Confirm/update delivery dates for all open backorders
• Inform us of the underlying reason for each backorder

The suppliers continue to receive weekly emails, as long as they are selected as ‘TOP6-supplier’.

Continuous improvement meetings, face-to-face, quarterly:
We had meetings with the 3 suppliers with the highest level of backorders/poorest level of improvements.

Meeting agenda: Reasons behind current backorder situation and actions to improve.

How was it done?

Obstacles—>Our solutions:
Too busy managing actual backorders and no time to drive improvements—>Added one dedicated resource to drive this initiative.

How to manage our effort—>Develop leading key performance indicators (KPIs) that ensure focus on influence and improvements.

We were not always confident that our effort would provide the expected results—>Continue to focus on the agreed approach and KPIs, even if it takes approximately 12 months before we achieve improvements.

What has been achieved?

• Backorder amount decreased by 25%.
• 3rd quarter2014: On average, 99 item-numbers in backorder (range 87-117).
• 3rd quarter 2015: On average, 74 item-numbers in backorder (range 67-99).
• Closer dialogue and improved cooperation with our suppliers with most/critical backorders.

What next?

1. Share achievements.
2. Start an international network to share best practices.
3. Together achieve further improvements in drug supply.

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