EAHP represents over 30,000 hospital pharmacists across 37 member countries. EAHP represents and develops the hospital pharmacy profession within Europe in order to ensure the continuous improvement of care and outcomes for patients in the hospital setting. This is achieved through science, research, education, practice, as well as sharing best-practice and responsibility with other healthcare professional
The EAHP Board, elected for three-year terms, oversees the association’s activities. Comprising directors responsible for core functions, it meets regularly to implement strategic goals. Supported by EAHP staff, the Board controls finances, coordinates congress organization, and ensures compliance with statutes and codes of conduct.
The EAHP staff supports the Board in executing EAHP’s mission. The Staff assists in financial management, events organisations, policy activities and all EAHP projects. The EAHP staff works closely with EAHP’s members and ensures the effective communication all relevant stakeholders.
The first member countries were Belgium, Britain, Denmark, France, the Federal Republic, Germany, Italy and The Netherlands in 1972. EAHP has now 36 EAHP members and 2 Associate Members. EAHP is open to countries members of the Council of Europe and since 2022 to organisations representing the interests of hospital pharmacists from outside the Council of Europe (Associate Membership)
EAHP’s structure is also composed by different standing committes: EAHP Scientific Committee, EAHP Education Executive Committee and the EAHP CTF Steering Committee.
At EAHP, we are committed to transparency in our governance, ethical standards, and funding practices. This section provides open access to our foundational documents, including the EAHP Statutes, Code of Conduct, and Funding Sources. By sharing these resources, we aim to uphold accountability and foster trust with our members, partners, and the public.
Keep up with all EAHP’s events and webinars. Contact the team at info@eahp.eu should you have any questions about upcoming events or activities.
Here you can find all upcoming events organised by EAHP and by all its members and associate members. Do not hesitate to contact the events team at events@eahp.eu should you have any questions about the organisation of these events.
Hospital pharmacists conduct a critical role in the care of patients in hospitals. Learn more about what they do here and in all the pages under Hospital Pharmacy practice and Policy.
Self-Assessment
SILCC
Closed SIGs
EAHP brings together experts from many areas of hospital pharmacy practice providing and highlighting good local sustainable practices as that can be up-scaled and shared with other countries. The EAHP Working Group on Sustainability has the aim of reducing the environmental burden of the hospital pharmacy services.
The European Association of Hospital Pharmacists (EAHP), and its 36 member country platforms are creating a Common Training Framework for the hospital pharmacy education in Europe. The goal of this project is to allow the free movement of hospital pharmacists within the European Union.
The European Association of Hospital Pharmacists (EAHP) and the European Society of Clinical Pharmacy (ESCP) have collaboratively developed the Oath to Society. The Oath to Society is all encompassing and acts as a contract for excellence in providing compassionate patient care, working as part of the healthcare team and advancing the pharmacy profession, and showcasing how clinical and hospital pharmacists work every day
A day created to highlight the importance and to celebrate the work done by hospital pharmacies. This day celebrates all hospital pharmacy teams.
Catch up with EAHP’s press releases
Find all EAHP relevant publication like the EAHP Surveys, annual reports and the history books.
The European Journal of Hospital Pharmacy (EJHP) is the only official journal of the European Association of Hospital Pharmacists (EAHP) and is committed to advancing the science, practice and profession of hospital pharmacy. As the premier communication platform for hospital pharmacists worldwide, EJHP is a major source for continuing education as well as updates on advances in the practice and standard of pharmaceutical care for patients.
When EAHP and Hospital pharmacists appear in the news.
EAHP publishes a monthly EU monitor with updates about the latest EAHP initiatives and information relevant for the hospital pharmacy profession.
Sponsor Channel
The Sponsor Channel is designed to maximise visibility and engagement, allowing sponsors to connect with the hospital pharmacy community and partners in a dynamic and interactive environment. From product demonstrations to networking sessions, the Sponsor Channel offers a range of opportunities for sponsors to showcase their offerings and generate leads in the new EAHP Website.
Production and Compounding
Jannik Almasi, Irene Krämer
Aim of the study was to evaluate if the microbiological cleanliness of the working area of APOTECAchemo® is affected by extending the interval of intensive cleaning from biweekly to monthly cleaning intervals.
Automated preparation of ready-to-administer chemotherapy products with the APOTECAchemo® robot is well established in a number of pharmacy departments. One of the few disadvantages is the time-consuming, intensive cleaning and disinfection of the working area (clean room class A) by wiping with cleaning and disinfection solutions.
Every two weeks (period 1: 07-12/2018) or every four weeks (period 2: 01-06/2019) all surfaces in the working area of APOTECAchemo® were wiped with ethanolic NaOH solution in order to inactivate or remove cytotoxic spillages. In a second work step all surfaces are disinfected by wiping with spore-free alcohol. The procedure lasts about one hour. The working area is at the end of each working session irradiated with UV light for 4 hours. Microbiological monitoring of the working area is done weekly in operation by passive air sampling (2 settle plates at predefined locations S1, S2) and surface sampling (3 contact plates at predefined locations O1, O2, O3) and colony-forming units (CFU) are counted after incubation. Results of the microbiological samples (CFU ± standard deviation) were compared for period 1 and 2. On average, 0 CFU (n=52) were detected (period 1) and 0.04±0.2 CFU (n=44) (period 2) on settle plates. During period 1 on average 0.04±0.19 CFU were found at O1, 0 CFU on O2, and 0.81 CFU±4.23 at O3 (n=27 each). During period 2, 0 CFU were detected at O1, O2 and 0.04±0.2 CFU at O3 (n=25 each). The extended interval for the intensive cleaning process did not affect the microbiological cleanliness. The CFU limits set for clean room class A were met.
Maintaining the daily cleaning procedure, the interval of intensive cleaning can be extended to one month without increasing the microbiological contamination risk and saving two hours of cleaning.
Monthly intensive cleaning will be attended by trending the microbiological results.
Production and Compounding
MARGHERITA GALASSI, CHIARA DELLA COSTANZA, CLAUDIA TIRONE, ELENA ALIPRANDI, ERNESTO RUFFINO, SARA BERTOLI, ELEONORA FERRARI, ELISABETTA MARTINELLI, VITO LADISA
Intravitreal bevacizumab is refunded by National Health System for AMD and diabetic macular oedema but the splitting process must be carried out only by authorised pharmacies. Recently the established regional refund price was lowered to €55/dose that covers the costs of intravitreal bevacizumab but not the other authorised drugs ranibizumab and aflibercept. Our Centralized Pharmacy operated the repackaging of intravitreal bevacizumab for internal patients but we implemented a new process and a new procedure in order to provide doses to hospitals not equipped in performing sterile preparations.
We implemented a production process to repackage a drug to be used in treatments not covered by marketing authorisation. Bevacizumab was split into fractional doses for off-label intravitreal injections; the doses obtained were given to our hospitalised patients as therapy for uveal melanoma and provided to hospitals in our region as therapy for patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic macular oedema.
The procedure for preparing intravitreal injections was reviewed to optimise traceability aspects of processing batches, individual doses of finished products and particularly to choose the most suitable packaging for transport to hospitals that will administer the drug. Further quality control to regional law was established on processes and finished product: environmental, instrumental, maintenance controls. All processes were validated in accordance with applicable regulations. Agreements related to prescription, purchase, conservation and transport of bevacizumab doses were signed with the hospitals that administer the drug.
The price refunded for a single intravitreal dose of an anti-VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) drug from August 1 2019 is €55, previously the price for each single dose of ranibizumab was €600. Considering that AMD therapy requires a monthly injection for about a year we can assume a standard average cost saving of €6540/patient.
AMD is the leading cause of blindness among populations over 50 years old. To provide treatments to all those affected by degenerative eye diseases in the next years, we must operate cost savings policies safeguarding patient security. The practice described is worthy of implementation in hospital realities.
Production and Compounding
ADRIANA DURCANSKA
The quality and safety standards of pharmacy preparations are not harmonised throughout Europe. They fall under the national competencies of individual European countries.
The quantitative risk assessment of the pharmacy preparations for stock in hospital pharmacies (HPs) in accordance with Resolution EDQM CM / Res (2016) 1; to specify the decision criteria for the risk assessment; the risk management of the pharmacy preparations for stock in the country; to design a check list of the risk assessment for extempore preparations.
Out of the total number of 53 hospital pharmacies contacted, 5 pharmacies sent a suitable file.
A total of 170 types of medicines are being prepared in HPs. One HP had the result of the risk ≥ 100 when preparing ophthalmic medicines. Annex A is a check list designed to assess the risk of extempore preparations.
The management is and will be forced to consider its introduction or to use another model: hospital – GMP / outsourcing / central pharmacy preparing and distributing. The aim of using the document in hospital pharmacies of the country.
Production and Compounding
María Lourdes Recio Blázquez, José Manuel Martínez Sesmero, Lidia Ybáñez García, Gonzalo Hernando Llorente, María Molinero Muñoz
The purpose is to control two environmental conditions to guarantee the comfort of the workforce and the quality of the finished product quality. 519,321 SODFs have been repackaged in unit doses last year. The 8% of the SODFs come from multidose containers that have been exposed to environmental temperature and humidity during this process. Employees have been exposed to identical conditions.
A temperature (t) and relative humidity (RH) control system has been established in the enclosure where the solid oral dosage forms (SODFs) are packaged in unit doses.
Among the diversity of hygrometric sensors commercialised, a device equipped with a condenser was chosen. The operation is based on modifying the capacity when varying the dielectric constant of the medium, in this case, due to varying the amount of water contained in the air between the plates. – C = ε A / D – C: capacity value. – ε: dielectric constant. – A: area of the condenser plates. – D: distance between the condenser plates. The device also incorporates a temperature sensor. The t (ºC) and RH of each moment are shown, for visual inspection, on the device screen. The data obtained with certain time frequency can be stored on a Secure Digital memory card and be downloaded on a computer that has that program installed (on spreadsheet format) helping to obtain graphics as well.
The range of t (ºC) has remained stable between 26 and 24ºC for 6 months, with minimal variations from maximum 28.5ºC to minimum 23.4ºC. The UNE 100713: 2005 is met. RH has been below 45% during 68% of the days worked, which has favored the repackaging of the units affected by humidity but not the worker. The range of RH has varied between 56.3% and 23.6%, not complying with the UNE 100713: 2005 standard.
Metabolic rate, clothing insulation, air temperature, radiant temperature, air speed and humidity shall be addressed when defining conditions for acceptable thermal comfort. It would be helpful to regulate the commercialisation of multidose pharmaceutical specialties susceptible to deterioration when opening the package.
Production and Compounding
Swantje Eisend, Herwig Heindl, Karen Tiede, Sven Jirschitzka
Definition of an organisational structure for the best implementation of APOTECAchemo technology in the UKSH hospital pharmacy workflow
The implementation of robotic systems for aseptic compounding cytotoxic drugs requires a specific workflow organisation in the hospital pharmacy to ensure an optimal combination of manual and automated production as well as the effective use of the technology. Since 2017, the APOTECAchemo robot has been installed in the hospital pharmacy and one of the first objectives was to create an organisational structure that would allow successful integration of the system into the existing workflow of the cytostatic department.
The pharmacy has carried out an analysis to identify the active substances that can best be transferred into automated production based on 4 main points: • Pharmaceutical form of the active ingredients: liquid or powder; • Average of vials needed for the compounding of one preparation for each active ingredient; • Average of ml of medication required for the compounding of a preparation associated with each specific active ingredient; • Robot compounding speed. In addition, the pharmacy has also tried to identify the optimal organisation of personnel and daily workflow for the automated compounding. The effectiveness of these measures and the work organisation defined have been evaluated through an intensive compounding week in April 2018.
The analysis of the active substances and the data collected during the “Robotic Intensive Week” showed the following results: • 42% of the total production was operated by APOTECAchemo; • 87% of active ingredients was handled by APOTECAchemo; • average of 60 preparations per day (with an actual working time of 5 hours); – average of 12 preparations per hour.
The study shows that the planning and organisation of the workflow plays a central role in the implementation of a robot solution in a hospital pharmacy. Through the work carried out, the hospital pharmacy has successfully integrated automated and manual production.
Patient Safety and Quality Assurance
Karin Larmene-Beld, Rommert Wijnsma, Gerrit de Weerd, Maarten Postma, Erik Frijlink, Katja Taxis
Medication administration errors are common in hospital practice. Meta-analyses suggest that about 10% of administrations are erroneous, with much higher error rates occurring during intravenous drug administrations. It has been demonstrated that 21% of the errors can be eliminated when prepared syringes are used. Many countries struggle with the problem of optimising the process of safe parenteral medication in hospitals. Different guidelines across countries outline how preparation of parenteral medication in the clinical environment should be done. Recently the Council of Europe published a resolution about preparation of medication which encourage the supply of ready-to-administer products by the pharmacy. Moving the activities of preparation of medication from the clinical environment to the pharmacy requires investments in pharmacy equipment but will result in efficacy, better quality and reduction in preparation medication errors in the hospital.
Development and implementation of sterilisable plastic syringes produced in the hospital pharmacy for large-scale production of ready-to-administer products.
A new development in this area are ready-to-administer pre-filled sterilised syringes (PFSS) produced by the pharmacy. PFSS are produced on stock under GMP conditions by the hospital pharmacy using (semi) automatic filling and closing machines whereby quality and safety are embedded in the whole process of manufacturing. A total cost of ownership analysis is performed showing PFSS prepared in the hospital pharmacy yielded cost savings compared to conventional preparation on the ward. The process of production, filling, closing and sterilisation has been validated using newly acquired equipment. With the introduction of the cyclic olefin polymer (COP) syringes a new type of primary container is implemented in the pharmacy. To ensure patient safety and product quality a science- and risk-based strategy has been developed for testing extractables and leachables to qualify the new container as primary packaging material.
Introducing PFSS is cost saving for the healthcare system:– COP syringes are suitable as primary packaging material; –enhancement styles for better readability of labels are established; and – already, 15 products are validated and available for use in the hospital.
1. KHM Larmené-Beld KHM, Touwen-Spronk J, Luttjeboer J, et al. A cost minimization analysis of ready-to-administer pre-filled sterilized syringes in a Dutch hospital.. Submitted for publication in Clinical Therapeutics.
2. Larmené-Beld K, Kuiper A, van Berkel S, et al. A science- and risk-based strategy to qualify sterilized prefilled syringes as primary packaging material in a hospital pharmacy. Abstract submitted for 24th EAHP Congress.
3. Larmené-Beld KHM, Kim Alting E, Taxis K. A systematic literature review on strategies to avoid look-alike errors of labels. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2018 74:985–93.
Introducing more drugs as ready-to-administer products. Optimising the label of ready-to-administer syringes to avoid look-alike errors based on the results of the review.
Production and Compounding
Kirsten Lykke Vorbeck
When preparing treatments for blinded clinical trials it is very important to make sure that it is not possible to distinguish between the active and the placebo dose, as this may lead to unblinding of the treatment and thus jeopardise the results of the trial.
The purpose was to find solutions for how to handle active and placebo drugs in the production system CATO to ensure they would end up being identical when prepared.
Before preparing a drug using CATO the drug must be registered in the system with all of its data. It is not possible to have two different sets of data for one drug. CATO records detailed documentation of what is being done during preparation and it is not possible to pretend to pick one drug and then grab another instead. Also, the label is printed automatically so it will show exactly what was prepared. We decide on a common name for the active/placebo and register both of these in the system under that name so that they will be prepared in exactly the same way and appear identical on the label but are still distinguishable in the batch documentation. We name the drug ‘Protocol name Active substance/placebo’ and register the stock of both active drug and the sodium chloride solution that is used as placebo under that name. We will also stock vials of NaCl for this purpose next to the drug it is being placebo for, and NaCl can be prepared pretending it has the density of the drug. CATO will think they are the same drug but they have been registered with their very different batch numbers, maybe with a NaCl after the number of that, so it is always possible to see what was actually being prepared.
Our doses of active and placebo are indistinguishable. Labels are the same and, for example, withdrawal into a syringe and insertion of a needle into the port of the infusion bag will be done in the same way.
These very simple routines can be used anywhere for the preparation with CATO and possibly also with other systems.
Production and Compounding
Katrine Bødker Rubach-Larsen, Anne Rungø, Anette Eskildsen, Lone Skovhauge
A research team at the MR Centre (MRC2) wished to set up the production of Pharmacy Kits, but had no prior experience of, or licence to, manufacture drugs. Thus, the hospital pharmacy was asked to participate in the development of such production.
A new MR-scanning technology, hyperpolarisation, for the quantification of metabolic processes with an extremely high sensitivity enables physicians early detection of treatment effects in, for example, cancer and diabetes. A so-called Pharmacy Kit is used in the hyperpolarisation process and consists of a specially designed packaging with tubes, vessels and filters containing the contrast agent and buffer solutions. The objective for the hospital pharmacy1 was to manufacture Pharmacy Kits complying with Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP), though neither packaging nor two of the raw materials conformed to European standards.
The MRC research team presented the hospital pharmacy with the desired combination of compounds and the packaging required for Pharmacy Kit production. The task for the hospital pharmacy was then to set up a manufacturing process that met these requirements and complied with the guidelines for GMP. A production complying with GMP was developed in close collaboration with the MRC and an ongoing contact with the Danish Medicines Agency. During the process the hospital pharmacy carried out its own microbiology test in order to determine if, and for how long, the non-CE-marked packaging could store the contrast agent and buffer solutions. Risk assessment of the raw materials not found in the European Pharmacopeia were conducted. The method investigated by the MRC already takes place at a few other places in and outside of Europe. Experiences from these production sites were implemented and expanded with process optimisation, and specially designed equipment for the production.
Due to a strong inter-professional collaboration between the MRC and the hospital pharmacy and due to qualified risk assessments, it was possible to set up a production of Pharmacy Kits according to GMP.
When researchers contact hospital pharmacies with new ideas, we have to be willing to work with GMP in a different way by applying knowhow and risk assessments in order to ensure developments within the healthcare system.
1. Hospital Pharmacy Central Region, Production, Aarhus, Denmark.
2. MR Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
Clinical Pharmacy Services
Stefanie Sauer, Michael Ober, Jürgen Backhaus, Torsten Hoppe-Tichy
Patients of the Children’s Hospital at the Heidelberg University Hospital are regularly supplied with extratemporaneous medicines from the hospital pharmacy. This often leads to issues in continuity of care in the outpatient setting as patients are required to access ongoing treatment through local pharmacies, which in turn must develop the formulations and procure the necessary raw materials. Therefore, it is not uncommon for interruptions in patients’ therapy to occur.
The aim was to improve continuity of care by discussing the medication with the responsible pharmacy before the patient was discharged. Allowing missing raw materials to be procured and clarify any uncertainty about the prescription.
We designed a document that is available on the Intranet. While the child is still on the ward the discharge medication should be noted. The parents had the opportunity to indicate a retail pharmacy of their choice, preferably near the place of residence. This document could be sent to the hospital pharmacy. A hospital pharmacist contacted the specified pharmacy to discuss the extemporaneous medications before the child was discharged. If necessary, the pharmacist can forward the hospital pharmacy manufacturing instructions. Furthermore, the compositions plus further information were then made available on the homepage of the pharmacy in an area to which only experts have access. A telephone number on the hospital pharmacy homepage is available for queries, including those about the formulations.
In the discussions with the retail pharmacies, the colleagues were very pleased and grateful about the service provided by the hospital pharmacy. They saved time in preparing patients’ prescriptions. Concerns or doubts were cleared up at an earlier stage of the discharge process, leading to the patient receiving their medicine on time.
Provision of the document and manufacturing instructions on the homepage serve as a valuable aid for ensuring that the outpatient therapy functions smoothly. It is important that the information is kept current. In the future, further information will be linked to the homepage in the hope of reducing the number of incoming telephone enquiries.
Production and Compounding
Jemos Costantino, Martina Milani, Mariantonietta Piccoli, Mara Provenzi, Paola Paochi, Ilaria Clerici, Cinzia Lucia Ursini, Claudio Colosio, Fabrizio Mastrilli, Emanuela Omodeo Salè
In outpatient setting, WT between medical visits and administration is strongly conditioned by time needed for preparation. We needed to reduce our WT caused by the use of an automated system by ensuring the same standards of quality control checks and traceability, not achievable with manual preparation.
We introduced an assisted system for chemotherapy preparation, with a gravimetric and barcode verification. We started to switch part of preparations previously prepared by an automated system to this assisted system. We performed an analysis to measure the impact of a different strategy in preparing chemotherapy on patients WT.
Time needed for preparation was monitored in the first trimester of 2016, where drugs were prepared using an automated system or manually, and compared to the first trimester in 2017, when we introduced the assisted system.
In the first period we used a “WT optimization” criteria in selecting the preparing technology, while in the second period we decide to use a “risk based” criteria.
Risk based criteria consists of selecting the automated system for cytotoxics, assisted system for antibodies and low risk drugs and manual procedure when no other options are available.
In order to evaluate bias introduced by the risk based selection of different drugs, we performed a contest comparing preparation times of a defined sequence of representative preparations typologies. Three technicians are involved in order to reduce human factor impact.
Average WT (AWT) in the first period was 1h36m and median WT (MWT) was 1h22m (sample = 2365 preparations in 3 months). AWT in the second period (sample = 3437 preparations in 3 months) was 1h17m (-19,79%) and MWT 1h1m (-25,61%). The percentage of therapies dispensed after 2 hours waiting decreased by 55,69%. WT was stratified by preparation technology (assisted system: AWT =50m; MWT=44m – automated system: AWT=1h26m; MWT=1h07m).
The contest results were (average of three series) : manual preparation 15m19s; assisted 26m42s; automated 1h14m3s.
Assisted systems are able to guarantee quality standards for patients similar to automated ones, but with an important reduction in WT when compared with an automated one and an improvement in traceability compared to the manual procedure.
