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DESIGNING A PROTOCOL TO IDENTIFY AND IMPROVE ADHERENCE IN PATIENTS WITH ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY IN THE HOSPITAL SETTINGS.
European Statement
Clinical Pharmacy Services
Author(s)
Luis Díaz Suárez, Elena Sánchez-Yanez , Raquel López Escoz, Mercedes Gómez Delgado, Nuria Martínez Casanova, Isabel Moya Carmona
Why was it done?
The hospital pharmacist plays a role obtaining therapeutic success by improving the adherence. Our unit attends around 1900 HIV patients, so the interventions we make to improve adherence will have a positive impact on patients and community.
What was done?
The Pharmacy Service has developed a protocol for the identification of non-adherent HIV patients to treatment along with the pharmaceutical attendance strategies designed to improve the adherence to ART.
How was it done?
The protocol was drawn up with the recommendations of the National AIDS Plan(PNS), the Spanish Society of Hospital Pharmacy(SEFH) and the AIDS Study Group(GeSIDA). Thus, we wanted to provide a multidisciplinary approach for non-adherent patients. The relevant aspects of the protocol are described below:
1.-Identification of patients: Technical staff and pharmacists identify patients with poor adherence through dispensing records, a history of previous voluntary abandonment of ART or the presence of risk factors for poor adherence to ART.
2.-Pharmaceutical attendance following the CMO model.
· Data such as viral load, CD4, prescribed ART, pharmacotherapeutic complex index, home medication, polypharmacy, pluripathology and risk factor have
been collected. Adherence was calculated using dispensing records and adherence questionnaire(SMAQ).
· Health education and motivational interviewing.
· Personalised planning of patient care following face-to-face and non-face-to-face programs. Every 6months adherence will be re-evaluated to assess the
success of the pharmaceutical care offered.
What has been achieved?
The protocol was implemented in March-2021, and to date, 68patients have been included. 73.5%(n=50) of them have been followed for more than 6 months. 88% of whom(n=44) improved their adherence to both ART, all of them achieving an undetectable viral load and an elevation of the CD4 count.
What next?
Our desire is to continue detecting patients and to contribute to the improvement of the adherence to their treatment. We are aware of the challenge that lies ahead in the near future, as the progressive ageing of the HIV population means an increase in associated comorbidities and polypharmacy, which may have a negative impact on the adherence.
PHARMACISTS ROLE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF A THERAPEUTIC PATIENT EDUCATION (TPE) PROGRAM BASED ON THE DIRECT ACTING ANTIVIRALS (DAA) USED IN CHRONIC HEPATITIS C TREATMENT.
European Statement
Clinical Pharmacy Services
Why was it done?
It is now usual to dispense hepatitis C DAA to outpatients, whose virological success rate is high in the general population. However, subpopulations are at risk of re-infection or noncompliance for which an individualized approach with TPE is required. Role of the pharmacist is to transmit skills for starting and to assist the patient during treatment. SE are sometimes more easily disclosed to pharmacist, thereby allowing to take them into account so that the treatment can be adapted until completion. TPE benefits for these subpopulations are expected in the short term with regards to compliance and empowering the patient during treatment and in the long term to eliminate risky practices and leaving additions.
What was done?
setting up and running TPE sessions for hepatitis C by pharmacists
How was it done?
Hepatology department, based on multidisciplinary team (hepatologist physicians, psychiatrists, addiction specialists, pharmacists, nurses and psychologists), developed a TPE program on viral hepatitis in april 2016. Following written consent, entry into the program was systematically offered to vulnerable patients (background of substance abuse, active alcohol consumption, risk of non-compliance).
Pharmacists were involved in individual sessions concomitantly to DAA dispensing, since the day when patient started TPE program. Pharmaceutical sessions aimed outpatients to acquire following competencies:
– DAA’s name, action mechanism,
– Terms of administration, what to do if forgotten,
– Side effects (SE) and their management,
– Drug interactions (adapted to outpatient treatment).
Pharmacists also answered to questions concerning the patient and monitored compliance and SE.
Interactive practical tools were developed: treatment logbook (also allowed evaluating objectives at each session), cards about known and preconceived SE, timetable for drug intake. Patients fulfilled a satisfaction survey at last session.
What has been achieved?
31 outpatients were included. Pharmacists conducted 65 sessions, 2 or 3 individual meetings per patient (one hour-long total per pharmaceutical session) depending on treatment length (8-24 weeks). 6 patients were still ongoing and 25 achieved the program. Among them, 12 had an undetectable viral load after 12 weeks (Sustained Virological Response 12) and 1 relapsed. 100% of goals were achieved as from the first pharmaceutical session. 100% of patients were satisfied about pharmaceutical session
What next?
Evaluation of program’s benefits in terms of virological success need to be continued.