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Sustainable practice in parenteral medication administration: gloves at your disposal?

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European Statement

Patient Safety and Quality Assurance

Author(s)

Carine Schuurmans

Why was it done?

• The use of gloves in medication administration can vary depending on several factors, including the specific healthcare hygienic policies, local guidelines, and the type of medication being administered. There is no uniform practice across all of Europe.
• According to the Dutch guideline on administration of parenteral medication disposable gloves are traditionally used during parenteral medication administration.
• Most parenteral medications do not pose a significant hazardous risk and the administration of ready to use preparations does not pose a significant infection risk.

What was done?

• Re-evaluation of the Dutch guideline on administration of parenteral medication from a sustainability point of view.
• Reducing unnecessary glove usage in medication administration.

How was it done?

• Re-evaluating the need for disposable gloves from both an infection prevention and medication hazard point of view.
• Discussion with experts and users.
• Implementation of findings both in the inpatient and outpatient departments.

What has been achieved?

• Overall growing attention to correct glove usage.
• Reduction of use of disposable gloves during parenteral medication administration and other medical procedures
• CO2-, land occupation and water reduction by respectively 6000 CO2 eq, 600m2, 300m3 and 3500 €/month

What next?

• Revision of the Dutch guidelines on administration of parenteral medication

Administration of intravenous medication into the drip chamber: a patient-friendly, time saving and sustainable method

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European Statement

Clinical Pharmacy Services

Author(s)

Rik Stuurman, Sofie Hessels, Chantal Kats, Chantal van Egmond, Kim Gombert-Handoko

Why was it done?

The administration of intravenous medication directly into the drip chamber has several benefits: 1) it saves time during preparation and administration for the nursing staff, 2) the patient has a shorter and controlled administration of the medication, often with less fluid and 3) the reduction of the use of infusion bags is sustainable and reduces costs.

What was done?

Administration of intravenous medication into the drip chamber using the integrated needle-free injection adapter is a good alternative to bolus injections and parenteral infusion. We conducted two pilot experiments at four wards, where we injected the 30 most frequently administered medications directly into the drip chamber instead of using an additional infusion bag via a sideline, which is the common practice in our hospital.

How was it done?

For the most frequently administered medications, we assessed whether it was possible to inject directly into the drip chamber. For these medications, we also defined the pump speed and the volume to rinse the system after each infusion. This information is explicitly described in our local parenteral handbook. In addition the nursing staff was fully trained and the procedures were updated.

What has been achieved?

During the evaluation of the first pilot after three months of the implementation, about 90% of the nurses indicated that they were satisfied with this alternative way of administration, that they did not experience any problems during the procedure and that they saved time compared to the old method. The second pilot will also evaluate the real-world reduction in infusion bags and costs (results are expected in December).

What next?

This alternative way of administration is now fully implemented and will be rolled out over the other wards with a “starter package”, which includes a guide for implementation, training material and frequently asked questions. In addition, the method will be fully integrated into the local parenteral handbook and the list of medications will be expanded.

Disposable Closed System for Sterile Drug Preparation and administration

European Statement

Patient Safety and Quality Assurance

Why was it done?

Our proposed system comes from the idea of a large clean room with pressure regimes, and airlock, hoods and other ancillary equipment, Which we made from it a very small clean room that is our box, when there will be no need for us as operators to get into it, or very simply take only those parts that are supposed to be sterile, and only those parts that are the two ends of the infusion bag and the end of the medicine vial

What was done?

“Closed” and airtight system for preparation (reconstitution, measurement, dilution) and injection of IV drugs at the patient’s bedside, in the various clinics and further home treatment, Disposable system, All its parts come in one piece without the need for threading, or assembly and disassembly
Estimated dimensions: 10 cm length, 5 cm width and 3.5 cm depth or similar, its shape can be rectangular or any shape convenient for use operation storage and destruction at the end of the process
Intended for a wide range of types of drugs – such as intravenous antibiotics, cytotoxic drugs, biological drugs, etc.
Designed according to its different variations for different types of vials and different amounts of drugs that come as a dry powder for dissolution, and are also suitable for drugs that come in the dissolved liquid form.
It is also intended for use with glass ampoules and there is a wide range of drugs that still come in glass ampoules
Intended for administration of drugs that do not need to be diluted in an infusion bag given in IV PUSH

How was it done?

We designed the device with 3D software (solid wark). It consists of a number of functional parts,
The sterile closed system comprises an airtight enclosure, which is shaped so as to define an enclosure interior; and an infusion-bag receptacle. An infusion-bag seal is configured, when in a sealing state, to make an airtight seal with respective external surfaces of a medication port and an IV tubing port of a bottom region of the infusion bag, when the medication port and an IV tubing port are inserted into the infusion-bag receptacle.

What has been achieved?

The proposed solution and its advantage
– A single-use system built in one piece, without the need for assemblies, disassembles, etc.
It will be possible to perform the entire process in one place, such as at the patient’s bedside or in the clinic, starting with the powdered drug dissolving process, mixing a measured dose, mixing it in an infusion bag and injecting it into the patient’s vein safely and accurately.
Maintains the perfect process under sterile conditions without fear of contamination of the injected drug
– Preparation in a system that is safe for the immediate environment and safe for the caregiver himself from contamination of drugs such as cytotoxic drugs, antibiotics and more
Savings in building very expensive infrastructure of clean rooms
Saving on very expensive disposables, such as closed system transfered deviced, robes and more
Save valuable work time dedicated team of pharmacists, nurses work time, work time transportation, storage places and more
Minimize the chance of errors in administering medications and confusion between different medications
Working with non-exposed needles reduces the chance of needle prick injury

What next?

Applied research will be carried out by pharmacists and nurses, in order to test the efficacy and safety of the device (by using a basic prototype), these experiments will use different IV administration drugs, we will test the method of dilution from a drug vials and glass ampoules, measure the exact dose and transfer to the infusion bag, and remove through the IV line, the accuracy of the preparation, the sterility of the preparation, the quality in terms of leakage or drip, comfort, safety and more are measured.

PROTOCOL FOR THE ADMINISTRATION OF DANGEROUS DEPOT DRUGS IN SOCIAL HEALTH CENTRES: ONE YEAR LATER (submitted in 2019)

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European Statement

Patient Safety and Quality Assurance

Author(s)

Arantxa Andújar-Mateos, José Manuel del Moral-Sánchez, Inmaculada Sánchez-Martínez, Francisco Valiente-Borrego, María Muros-Ortega, Andrés Navarro-Ruiz

Why was it done?

When the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) published a list that included drugs considered dangerous for general and reproductive health, we had to devise a protocol in our field so that parenteral drugs could be administered in a safe way for health personnel.

What was done?

The aim of our study is to determine the integration into clinical practice of a protocol for the administration of dangerous depot drugs in the social health field after a year has elapsed since its implementation.

How was it done?

The Depot Dangerous Drug Administration Protocol was intended to increase the safety of healthcare personnel in their preparation and administration. The recommendations contained therein, issued by official agencies and in force at the time, were transmitted by different means of communication: – Verbal: in a physical meeting with the nursing coordination of all the residences. – Written: through the distribution of the protocol via e-mail and in folders shared with the centers. – Audiovisual: elaboration and diffusion of a video explaining the preparation of the different drugs affected. For its implementation, the points mentioned in the previous section were implemented and a reference pharmacist was made available to each residence to resolve any doubts in this regard. Within a year of its implementation, from our socio-sanitary pharmacy service and in collaboration with the 16 residences specialising in geriatrics, disability and mental illness, the degree of adaptation to the protocol was measured.

What has been achieved?

In December 2017, the aforementioned protocol was implemented in the 16 residences. Within a year, more than half of the residences, 9 of the 16, acknowledged not taking any of the precautions indicated in the protocol. Of the rest of the residences, 4 stated that they have adopted all the recommendations in each preparation and administration of dangerous drugs and the remaining 3 placed their adaptation to the protocol at between 25% and 50%.

What next?

We believe it is necessary to reinforce the information contained in the protocol every 1−2 months in person. It is also necessary to keep the protocol continuously updated to detect changes in it.

DESIGN AND ELABORATION OF AN INTELLIGENT INTRAVENOUS INFUSION PUMPS GUIDE FOR THE INTENSIVE CARE UNIT (submitted in 2019)

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European Statement

Clinical Pharmacy Services

Author(s)

MARTA VALERA-RUBIO, MARIA ISABEL SIERRA-TORRES, ELENA SÁNCHEZ-YAÑEZ, JOSE LUIS ORTIZ-LATORRE, ISABEL MOYA-CARMONA

Why was it done?

Critically ill patients often require the administration of several intravenous drugs and that includes infusion pumps. New infusion pumps offer the ability to build a drug library within the infusion system itself. This allows intravenous infusion medication safety to be improved. Because of that, it is highly important to have an updated administration guide and an IV smarts pumps library for the everyday clinical practice. This guide was developed in order to help ICU staff to practice safe prescribing and managing of medicines and to reduce the incidence of adverse drug events and administration errors.

What was done?

We developed an updated guide on intravenous drug administration including infusion parameters for intelligent intravenous infusion pumps, so called “IV smarts pumps”, used in the intensive care unit (ICU).

How was it done?

A database with the most important intravenous drugs used was created by a multidisciplinary working team (pharmacists, physicians and nurses). The drugs included were divided into therapeutic groups and were distributed among the participating members for the drug information review process. The therapeutics groups included were: sedatives, analgesics, antihypertensives, vasopressors, anti-arrhythmics and others such as insulin, heparin, etc. For each drug, a bibliographic research was conducted, gathering information from manufacturers, intravenous drugs databases (Uptodate®, Micromedex®, Stabilis®) and other hospital guidelines. The data collected included: drug name, lower and upper hard limit, default dilution, flow rate, default rate, rate upper soft and hard limit, bolus default, flow rate and volume upper limit, loading dose, duration, dilution volume, default, and lower and upper hard limit.

What has been achieved?

This guideline promotes, mainly, the safe use of drugs usually administered in critically ill patients, and is available for all the staff in this unit. Its elaboration has made it possible to avoid medication errors and to establish a narrower bound between the pharmacy service and the critical care unit, developing new partnerships which could lead to new projects.

What next?

We are still working on improving this guide, making it easier to understand and with a unified vocabulary. We will update it periodically in order to include new evidence and new drugs if necessary.

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