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DESIGNING A PATIENT-CENTERED MODEL FOR CLINICAL TRIALS: INSIGHTS FROM PATIENT JOURNEY MAPPING AND QUALITATIVE RESEARCH IN HOSPITAL PHARMACY

European Statement

Patient Safety and Quality Assurance

Author(s)

Irene Márquez-Gómez, Vicente Escudero-Vilaplana, Fernando Bustelo Paz, José Luis Revuelta Herrero, Roberto Collado-Borrell, Laura Maldonado Yagüe, Alberto Ruiz López-Alvarado, Ana Herranz Alonso, Juana Benedí González, María Sanjurjo Sáez

Why was it done?

Patient experience has been recognized as a critical determinant of healthcare quality, directly influencing adherence, safety, and clinical outcomes. In clinical trials, where investigational drugs and complex protocols often create uncertainty and stress, patients face unique challenges. Enhancing their experience is critical to ensure safety, and engagement throughout the trial. This project aimed to mitigate these vulnerabilities and to foster a more humanized and supportive care environment.

What was done?

A patient-centered model was developed to incorporate patient experience into the pharmaceutical care of clinical trial patients. The initiative sought to redesign care processes within the Pharmacy Department to better address patients’ expectations, needs, and vulnerabilities.

How was it done?

The project followed four phases: (1) Current workflows were mapped to detect bottlenecks in pharmaceutical care (2) Semi-structured interviews with trial participants explored their perceptions, concerns, and unmet needs; thematic analysis was applied to identify key insights. (3) The SAFARI observational method was used to document real-world interactions and organizational dynamics in the drug dispensation area. (4) A Patient Journey Map was created to visualize the care pathway and highlight critical touchpoints requiring improvement.

What has been achieved?

Analysis revealed several unmet needs: insufficient practical information on trial medication, limited visibility of pharmacy as a clinical resource, logistical barriers such as poor signage and physical distance from clinics, and confusion about dispensing procedures. Patients valued close monitoring by the research team but expressed interest in receiving additional pharmaceutical support. Overall, the hospital pharmacy was perceived primarily as a logistical space rather than a clinical partner, underscoring the need to reposition its role within clinical trial care.

What next?

Two key strategies have been defined. First, the establishment of a dedicated pharmaceutical care consultation for trial participants, focusing on critical milestones (pre-screening, treatment initiation, therapy changes), providing structured explanations, written reference materials, and systematic review of interactions and adverse effects. Second, the functional planning of a new Clinical Trials Unit, with improved physical spaces, closer proximity to the research team, and simplified patient circuits. These interventions aim to transform the pharmacy service into a patient-centered and supportive environment, and future evaluation will measure their impact on safety, adherence, and patient-reported outcomes.

ARE YOU SURE HOW MANUFACTURERS WORK IN THE HOSPITAL PHARMACY CLEANROOM? THE USE OF TWO SIMPLE CHECKLISTS

European Statement

Patient Safety and Quality Assurance

Author(s)

Susana Redondo-Capafons, Laura Soriano, Carmen Roger, Oriol Arroyo, Raquel Mayoral, Ana Morales, Andrés Reyner, Marta Rueda, Rosario Bueno, Mónica Gómez-Valent, Andrés Joaquim Reyner

Why was it done?

In aseptic cleanroom environments, correct donning and doffing of personal protective equipment (PPE) and adherence to hand hygiene protocols are essential to prevent contamination and ensure both patient and operator safety. Despite existing standard operating procedures (SOPs), interindividual variability in compliance often remains undetected, increasing the risk of deviation from aseptic standards. Our pharmacy department identified the need for a practical tool to systematically monitor and improve these critical procedures. With the aim of continuous improvement in clinical practice and service quality, and in the context of incorporating new staff into the cytotoxic preparation area, this initiative was developed.

What was done?

Two structured checklists were designed and implemented to evaluate compliance with SOPs:
1. Donning and doffing of PPE – assessing sequence, technique, and timing.
2. Hand hygiene – assessing product use, duration, and areas of the hands washed.

How was it done?

The checklists were based on international guidelines (WHO, GMP) and local SOPs. Trained observers performed random assessments of pharmacy technicians during routine cleanroom entry and exit. Each step was scored for compliance, and procedure times were recorded.

What has been achieved?

The use of checklists enabled objective, individualized assessment of compliance. The mean compliance score for donning and doffing PPE was 9.4 ± 0.8, while for hand hygiene it was 8.9 ± 1.2. The 100% of pharmacy technicians acquired the minimum score established in the procedure (7/10). The main issues identified were related to the location where PPE was removed (17%), the duration of hand washing (25%), and the volume of alcohol-based hand rub used (42%). These findings guided targeted retraining sessions and continuous quality improvement actions. This approach increased awareness among staff and promoted more consistent aseptic practices in daily operations.

What next?

The checklists have been integrated into routine training and quality monitoring. They are easy to replicate in other hospital pharmacies with cleanroom facilities, requiring minimal resources. The initiative provides a model to strengthen aseptic procedures, reduce contamination risks, and enhance overall compliance with safety standards.

APPROPRIATE GLOVE USE AND HAND HYGIENE: A COLLABORATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF AN INTERACTIVE AWARENESS TOOL

European Statement

Patient Safety and Quality Assurance

Author(s)

DEBROISE Madeleine, Dr GUELLEC Corrine, CHAMPEAUX Murielle, Dr PETIT Paul-Remi, Dr ROCHE Manon

Why was it done?

An innovative awareness-raising tool was developed to reduce glove misuse, strengthen hand hygiene practices, and promote the eco-design of healthcare procedures. The audit and feedback (A&F) strategy, known for improving practices, was at the core of this work (1). This initiative is part of the pharmacy project, implemented across the Territorial Hospital Group.

What was done?

Misuse of both sterile and non-sterile gloves has been widely described in the literature (2) . At the same time, the 2024 French Society for Hospital Hygiene guidelines emphasize that glove use is not recommended for intramuscular, subcutaneous or intradermic injections (3). In this context, the awareness tool was designed to limit misuse and promote good practices.

How was it done?

In addition to the audits carried out (before and after), a multidisciplinary team developed an escape game to make awareness training interactive and to enhance teamwork. Based on guidelines and field feedback, the game includes three modules addressing the appropriateness of glove use, sterile versus non-sterile glove use, compliance with standard precautions, the carbon footprint of different glove types, and waste management. Each session lasts 25 minutes and can take place directly in clinical units.

What has been achieved?

A total of 294 self-assessment questionnaires and 72 observation-based audit grids were collected. Since its launch, 48 workshops have gathered 210 participants, of whom 141 completed a satisfaction questionnaire. For 84% of them, this was their first participation in such an activity. More than 70% reported updated knowledge on hand hygiene and glove use, while 81% considered that environmental aspects could influence their practices. The word “playful” was mentioned in 69 out of 110 comments highlighting the game’s strengths.

What next?

The tool will continue to be rolled out across the region, including in training institutes, with the objective of achieving a 10% reduction in glove consumption at the territorial level.

CHATGPT-5 AS A POTENTIAL ALLY IN IDENTIFYING DRUG–DRUG INTERACTIONS?

European Statement

Patient Safety and Quality Assurance

Author(s)

Presenting author : H Decouvelaere
Co-author : C Lambert de Cursay

Why was it done?

Drug–drug interactions (DDIs) represent a major issue in clinical pharmacology, as they can lead to serious, sometimes fatal, adverse effects. The emergence of artificial intelligence models such as ChatGPT raises questions about their reliability in identifying DDIs. The literature reports that ChatGPT may generate nonexistent information (“hallucinations”) or provide inaccurate or incomplete data. However, evidence regarding its use in detecting DDIs remains limited.

What was done?

To evaluate the reliability of ChatGPT in detecting DDIs, particularly for recently marketed drugs or those under compassionate use authorization (CUA), for which conventional databases are sometimes incomplete.

How was it done?

Thirteen older drugs (marketed before 2010) and seven drugs marketed since June 2025 or under CUA were identified. All pairwise drug combinations were tested. A standardized script was used to query ChatGPT consistently, minimizing bias related to question phrasing. Results were checked using reliable sources (product characteristics summaries, scientific literature, DDI-Predictor, etc.). Searches were conducted between July and September 2025 using ChatGPT-5.

What has been achieved?

A total of 210 drug pairs were analyzed. ChatGPT’s responses were consistent with the literature for 72% of pairs (n=152). For 9% (n=18), the information was incomplete. Partial discrepancies were observed for 1% (n=2) and total discrepancies for 18% (n=38). Among these, 68% (n=26) corresponded to ChatGPT hallucinations and 32% (n=12) to undetected DDIs. Agreement with the literature was 65% (n=59) for older drug pairs, 95% (n=20) for pairs of two recent or CUA drugs, and 74% (n=73) for mixed pairs (old and recent drugs).

What next?

ChatGPT-5 can serve as a helpful tool for identifying DDIs, providing correct analysis in nearly 75% of cases. However, its performance remains limited due to the significant risk of hallucination or omission. ChatGPT’s responses were less reliable for older drugs, likely because of the vast and sometimes outdated documentation available. Conversely, newer or CUA drugs—although less documented—benefited from more recent and homogeneous sources, improving response quality. Therefore, ChatGPT-5 cannot replace human expertise or official databases. It should always be used as a complementary tool, with its outputs verified against trusted sources.

A NATIONAL CLINICAL PHARMACY CONTEST TO PROMOTE COMPETENCY-BASED TRAINING AMONG ITALIAN RESIDENTS: A THREE-YEAR EXPERIENCE

European Statement

Education and Research

Author(s)

Mengato D, Cancanelli L, Colicchio A, Crivellaro G, Lombardi N, Torni F

Why was it done?

Clinical pharmacy in Italy is not officially institutionalized yet and education about it across Italian residency programs is heterogeneous, with limited opportunities for structured, practice-oriented learning. To address this gap, the contest was introduced in 2023 to foster harmonization and enhance residents’ practical competencies. The main goal was to engage future clinical pharmacists in a stimulating, competitive environment that reflects real-life decision-making, encourages collaboration, and supports the development of a shared professional identity.

What was done?

A national Clinical Pharmacy Contest was designed and implemented by the Italian Society of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics (SIFaCT) to promote standardized, competency-based education among Italian residents. The initiative uses a gamified, case-based learning model to develop clinical reasoning, teamwork, and problem-solving skills in real-world therapeutic contexts.

How was it done?

Residents from Hospital Pharmacy and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology schools across Italy competed in teams of four. The contest included three phases. Preliminary phase: submission of a medication review based on a simulated clinical case; Quarter-finals: online Jeopardy-style quiz; Semi-finals and final: structured quizzes and guided clinical case discussions, evaluated by expert panels during the SIFaCT National Congress. Organizational challenges such as ensuring fair participation and developing standardized evaluation tools were addressed by establishing a dedicated multidisciplinary committee.

What has been achieved?

Across three editions, 30 teams (120 residents) participated, with 48 finalists attending live sessions. A pilot survey from 40 respondents showed high satisfaction (mean 4.4/5), strong perceived usefulness (4.4/5) and complementarity (4.3/5) with university education. 91% would recommend the contest to colleagues, and 85% rated its usefulness in deepening clinical knowledge as 4 or 5/5. Participants reported improved clinical reasoning, teamwork, and awareness of the pharmacist’s clinical role.

What next?

The contest represents an innovative and scalable educational model that supports harmonization of clinical pharmacy training and inter-university collaboration. It could be adopted across Europe to strengthen clinical competencies, foster professional identity, and promote patient-centered care.

EMPOWERING PEDIATRIC CAREGIVERS IN MEDICATION SAFETY: A CLINICAL PHARMACY INITIATIVE FOR WORLD PATIENT SAFETY DAY 2025

European Statement

Patient Safety and Quality Assurance

Author(s)

Mengato D, Camuffo L, Todino F, Binanti ME, Sartori S, Benini F, Venturini F

Why was it done?

Medication errors in pediatrics often arise from incorrect handling or administration by caregivers. Strengthening their knowledge is essential to improve safety and adherence. The initiative aimed to raise awareness and assess caregivers’ understanding of safe medication use, storage, and the role of compounded (“galenic”) medicines. It also intended to reinforce the visibility of clinical pharmacists as accessible medication experts for families.

What was done?

On 17 September 2025, during the World Health Organization’s World Patient Safety Day themed “Safe care for every newborn and every child”, the clinical pharmacy team of the Azienda Ospedale–Università Padova organized an awareness event within the Pediatric Department. The initiative included a pharmacist-managed information desk, an interactive quiz for parents and caregivers, educational materials on safe medication practices, and gadgets for children to foster engagement. Pharmacists were available throughout the day to answer questions and provide individual counseling on pediatric medicines.

How was it done?

A voluntary anonymous quiz with 10 knowledge-based and 2 awareness questions was administered to parents visiting the department. Participants received a score (1–10) and tailored feedback: scores ≥8 indicated excellent knowledge, 5–7 good knowledge with room for improvement, and <5 the need for closer pharmacist or physician guidance. The event required coordination with pediatric staff and logistical support for educational materials and space allocation.

What has been achieved?

Thirty-two parents completed the quiz: 68.8% achieved ≥8 points (“super-pharma-parents”), 28.1% scored 5–7, and 3.1% scored <5. Knowledge was strong regarding shaking suspensions (100%), completing antibiotic courses (96.9%), and proper disposal of expired drugs (96.9%). Gaps emerged in measuring tools (9.4% incorrect) and preparation environment (6.2% unsuitable). Awareness of galenic medicines was limited (18.7% misdefinition). The initiative was well-received, stimulating high engagement and requests for future educational sessions.

What next?

The experience improved caregiver awareness and strengthened collaboration between families and clinical pharmacists. This initiative, which is embedded with the Clinical Pharmacy Ambulatory, represents a reproducible model to enhance pediatric medication safety. Future steps include integrating similar educational events into routine hospital activities and developing digital tools to extend pharmacist-led counseling to the community.

DEVELOPMENT OF A TRAINING VIDEO LIBRARY FOR HOSPITAL PHARMACY: EXPERIENCE IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

European Statement

Education and Research

Author(s)

FERNANDEZ LOPEZ, ELISA GEORGINA; SANTOS FAGUNDO, ANDREA; ESQUIVEL NEGRIN, JORGE; PEÑA HERNANDEZ, JOSEPHINE; GONZALEZ CRESPO, ALVARO; MAGDALENA PEREZ, AMARA; MARTIN CONDE, JOSE ANTONIO; DIAZ RUIZ, MARIA PILAR

Why was it done?

Training in hospital pharmacy involves numerous critical technical processes (e.g. sterile preparations, parenteral nutrition, cytotoxic drugs, automated dispensing). These procedures demand high precision and adherence to protocols. Variability in training methods may lead to errors and reduced efficiency. To standardize training and provide residents and professionals with an accessible reference, a structured video library was developed.

What was done?

A comprehensive training video library covering key technical processes in hospital pharmacy was designed and implemented in a tertiary hospital. The goal was to improve resident education, ensure adherence to protocols, and provide a rapid consultation tool for daily practice.

How was it done?

Training videos were produced for the following areas: sterile preparations (intravitreal injections, intrathecal, collyria, subcutaneous and intravenous re-dispensing, analgesia pumps), parenteral nutrition (adult and neonatal), cytotoxics (IV, SC, chemoembolization particles, elastomeric devices, intrathecal), laminar flow cabinet operation, pharmacy software tutorials, automated dispensing systems (Athos, carousels, outpatient robot), and logistics management (orders, forecasts). Each video followed a technical and regulatory script. Content was validated by professionals and residents through a pilot phase. The final materials were integrated into the hospital’s internal platform, with controlled access. Impact was assessed via satisfaction surveys and monitoring of procedural execution.

What has been achieved?

After one year, 85% of users reported improved learning and knowledge retention, while 100% of residents stated increased confidence in performing procedures. The tool has contributed to training standardization, greater adherence to protocols, and facilitated quick access to updated resources.

What next?

Future steps include producing additional videos, updating existing content according to regulatory/technological changes, and expanding the model to other hospital pharmacy departments. While it does not replace supervised practical training, this tool complements it and has strong potential for replication in other hospitals to improve quality and safety in pharmaceutical care.

USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TO TRAIN FUTURE PHARMACISTS : EVALUATION OF A CHATBOT DEVELOPED FOR THE ONCOLOGY PHARMACY UNIT

European Statement

Education and Research

Author(s)

P. BROUARD
C. JUTARD
C. COUSIN
E. COGET

Why was it done?

The Oncology Pharmacy Unit within the hospital pharmacy is experiencing a steady increase in activity. Medical teams are increasingly calling on pharmacy interns for technical and clinical questions.

What was done?

To enhance the training of pharmacy interns and improve responsiveness to medical inquiries, an artificial intelligence (AI) driven pharmaceutical chatbot pre-configured using a dedicated prompt. It was developed to deliver accurate, context-specific answers on clinical pharmacy, pharmaceutical technology, and organizational aspects of the oncology unit. This study aims to assess the relevance and quality of its responses to evaluate its potential as a support tool in intern training.

How was it done?

A total of 123 anonymized documents, including procedures, educational materials, and internal resources from the oncology unit of the hospital pharmacy, were integrated into a dedicated chatbot developed with ChatGPT-5. Forty questions reflecting eight key thematic areas of residents’ activities—clinical and technological validation, outpatient dispensing, controlled atmosphere areas, medical staff inquiries, software use, routine practice, and on-call situations—were submitted to the AI. Four experts pharmacists independently assessed each response using a standardized evaluation form with four levels of agreement (“Agree,” “Somewhat agree,” “Somewhat disagree,” “Disagree”).

What has been achieved?

Among the 160 responses received, a strong inter-rater consistency was observed, with 90% of evaluations showing concordance among at least three assessors and full unanimity in 20% of cases. Overall, 79% of chatbot responses were rated favorably (41% “Agree,” 38% “Somewhat agree”). The highest satisfaction rates were found in clinical pharmacy (95%), controlled atmosphere areas (95%), and software (90%). In contrast, lower agreement occurred in pharmaceutical technology (65% favorable, 30% disagreement) and particularly in on-call situations, where 55% of responses were considered unsatisfactory.

What next?

These findings confirm the educational potential of this tool, with most answers deemed relevant. Nonetheless, discrepancies underline its limitations regarding specific technical data, including occasional hallucinatory, incorrect, or incomplete responses that lack adequate reference to institutional procedures. Given its potential, we are working to improve this chatbot by refining the prompt, updating the database, and testing other non-hallucinatory AI models.

DEPLOYMENT OF FLASH TRAINING SESSIONS ON HIGH-RISK MEDICATIONS IN CARE UNITS AS PART OF MEDICATION SAFETY

European Statement

Clinical Pharmacy Services

Author(s)

Cartaillac-Julien C.(1), Danjean S.(1), Demazière V.(1)

Why was it done?

As part of the 2026 HAS certification, the “Medication Safety” group launched short training sessions for nurses on high-risk medications. Designed by a pharmacy resident and validated by a nurse, these sessions were implemented despite limited resources and 12-hour shifts.

What was done?

To strengthen medication safety by maintaining a consistent level of knowledge among nurses through regular, unit-based sessions.

How was it done?

These 20-minute “flash” trainings, integrated into continuing education, are conducted by a pharmacy resident directly within care units to optimize staff time. An anonymous 12-question MCQ is completed before and after each session to measure impact. The interactive slideshow format promotes discussion, and participants receive a pocket summary of key points. Satisfaction questionnaires assess the program’s quality in line with QUALIOPI standards. The first module focused on anticoagulants, high-risk drugs frequently involved in “Never Events.” Developed from official and nursing references and reviewed by a frontline nurse, it covers indications, side effects, contraindications, interactions, interprofessional communication, and patient counseling.

What has been achieved?

Seventeen sessions were delivered across eight departments, involving 45 nurses. Small-group formats required several sessions per unit. Knowledge improved, with mean scores rising from 14.2/20 to 16.3/20 (+14.8%). The least-known topics were bleeding signs, indications, and management of missed doses.
Nurses valued the practical content and on-site format, which saved time. Opinions on duration were mixed—some found 20 minutes too short, others saw it as the only feasible format. Unit managers praised the pharmacy team’s adaptability. Participants requested new topics such as antibiotics, antidotes, insulins, potassium, and adverse drug effects, as well as stronger physician involvement.

What next?

These successful short trainings foster collaboration between nurses and pharmacists, standardize practices, and improve medication safety. The initiative will continue with additional modules and expanded participation from other professionals, contributing to a shared culture of safe medication use.

UPSKILLING THE PHARMACY WORKFORCE IN MEDICATION ADHERENCE SUPPORT THROUGH MULTI-SECTOR TRAINING IN NHS SUSSEX

European Statement

Education and Research

Author(s)

Dr Sian Williams, Dr Ella Graham-Rowe, Dr Sarah Chapman and Prof John Weinman

Why was it done?

Non-adherence contributes significantly to preventable harm and waste across health systems. Although pharmacy professionals are well placed to intervene, evidence suggests that current approaches are limited in effectiveness. The aim of this initiative was to provide multi-sector professionals with a shared framework and tools to support adherence, improving patient care and consistency across services.

What was done?

A training programme was developed to improve pharmacy professionals’ confidence and capability in identifying and addressing medication non-adherence. The training was delivered to qualified pharmacists, foundation pharmacists, and pharmacy technicians across NHS Sussex, with a focus on practical skills and evidence-based behavioural change strategies.

How was it done?

The training, developed in collaboration between the University of Brighton and the Centre for Adherence Research and Education at King’s College London, consisted of three components. First, participants completed an online module introducing the causes, types, and consequences of non-adherence. This was followed by a four-hour interactive face-to-face workshop, where attendees were trained in the COM-B (Capability, Opportunity, Motivation – Behaviour) model, the ‘Making Medicines Work for You’ screener, and five practical adherence support strategies based on evidence-based behaviour change techniques. A follow-up online session four weeks later allowed participants to reflect on applying the screener in practice and to share experiences. Cross-sector representation enabled peer learning and discussion of implementation in diverse settings.

What has been achieved?

The initial training reached 26 pharmacy professionals who completed pre- and post-surveys on confidence and practice in identifying and supporting adherence. Analysis showed improved perceived skills and access to tools. A follow-up session revealed early successes alongside barriers, including time pressures in busy settings and challenges embedding the tool into systems that support routine practice.

What next?

This initiative provides an evidence-based model for embedding adherence support into pharmacy practice. It is transferable across integrated care systems and healthcare settings. Future plans include ongoing evaluation and extending training to other clinical teams and policy decision-makers.