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DIGITAL COUNSELLING

European Statement

Clinical Pharmacy Services

Author(s)

Sam Coombes
Michael Jackson

Why was it done?

The project aimed to strengthen clinical pharmacy services by introducing a digital counselling model for commonly prescribed medicines. It focused on improving the quality and accessibility of medicines information, particularly for patients discharged outside pharmacy hours who might otherwise miss vital counselling. Embedding digital resources into routine practice promoted equity, consistency, and inclusivity.

What was done?

Structured counselling scripts were created for prednisolone, glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) spray, and metered dose inhalers (MDIs). These were reviewed, approved, and recorded using an AI voice generator, enabling rapid updates. Accessibility features were built in to support patients with sensory impairments. Finalised videos were hosted on YouTube and accessed via QR codes, while a telephone audio service was provided for patients without smartphones. Codes and numbers were placed directly on medicine boxes.

How was it done?

Quality improvement methodology guided the design. AI voice technology allowed quick production of professional-standard audio and easy updates when clinical guidance changed. Using QR codes and phone lines ensured patients with varying digital literacy could access information. Accessibility was prioritised to support inclusivity.

What has been achieved?

Analytics showed strong engagement: the GTN spray video gained 7,000 views, 40 likes, and 59% viewer retention halfway through. Prednisolone had 2,600 views and 8 positive interactions, while MDI reached 29 views during pilot testing. A fluoroquinolone video was launched in late 2025, with outcomes pending. A staff survey confirmed no undue administrative burden.

What next?

Digital counselling via video or audio is feasible, scalable, and well received by patients. It addresses barriers such as limited staffing, out-of-hours discharges, and health literacy. Unlike written leaflets, often above the UK reading age, multimedia resources provide clearer, more engaging support and may improve adherence. AI technology ensures efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and currency of content. This model is replicable and has strong potential for wider NHS adoption, supporting equitable and consistent medicines counselling.

IMPLEMENTATION OF A CLINICAL PHARMACIST-LED ELECTRONIC MONITORING SYSTEM FOR SURGICAL ANTIBIOTIC PROPHYLAXIS

European Statement

Clinical Pharmacy Services

Why was it done?

Before this initiative, surgical antibiotic prophylaxis (SAP) monitoring was paper-based and mainly handled by nursing staff, with little pharmacist or surgeon engagement. Entries were often incomplete or inaccurate, with frequent confusion between prophylactic and therapeutic use. Critical parameters—timing, duration, and patient-specific factors—were inconsistently recorded, and data were rarely analysed, so protocol compliance went unmonitored. Consequently, surgeons paid limited attention to guideline adherence or to the contribution of suboptimal prophylaxis to antimicrobial resistance. These gaps exposed patients to unnecessary antibiotic exposure and avoidable infection risk. The project was therefore launched to create a reliable, accountable monitoring process that would improve data quality and enable systematic feedback and stewardship.

What was done?

A clinical pharmacist-led, electronic monitoring system for SAP was developed. A comprehensive data-capture form (demographics, surgery type and duration, wound class, antibiotic choice, dose, timing, and duration) was designed after benchmarking similar tools and implemented in the hospital information system (HIS). Clinical pharmacists reviewed all SAP entries, verified completeness before discharge, and generated reports shared with the Infection Control Committee and hospital management to support data-driven interventions.

How was it done?

A multidisciplinary team of pharmacists, infection control experts, IT staff, and surgeons collaborated under hospital leadership to design and implement the process. All patients undergoing surgery and receiving SAP were monitored by trained pharmacists in the wards, and data entries were completed before discharge to ensure accuracy. The collected information was analysed by clinical pharmacists, and discrepancies between clinical practice and established protocols were flagged. The Infection Control Team, in collaboration with hospital management, provided feedback to surgeons and developed targeted training programmes where needed. Initial barriers—limited familiarity with digital forms and resistance to workflow changes—were overcome through structured training, ongoing communication, and continuous on-ward support.

What has been achieved?

Documentation completeness and accuracy improved markedly, enabling routine compliance assessment across antibiotic choice, dose, timing, and duration. Analysis identified delays in administration; corrective actions, education, and protocol updates followed. Surgeon awareness of correct timing increased, and the pharmacist’s role in antimicrobial stewardship was strengthened.

What next?

Next steps include embedding the revised SAP protocol across all surgical units, regular audits, and continued pharmacist-led monitoring to sustain improvements. By integrating SAP monitoring data with patient readmission data for surgical site infections, we aim to evaluate whether improved documentation, training, and protocol revision lead to measurable reductions in infection-related readmissions. The model is effective, scalable, and transferable to other hospitals. Integration with AI-assisted decision-support tools within the HIS is being explored to further optimise prophylaxis management.

ADHERE INITIATIVE: ADVANCE DELIVERY FOR HEALTH ENHANCEMENT & REGULAR ENGAGEMENT

European Statement

Clinical Pharmacy Services

Author(s)

Naila Aljahdali, Hala Al-Buti, Basem Elbehiry, Mohammed AlZahrani, Hani AlZahrani, Jalal Alharbi, Raien Algaidi, Ali AlZahrani, Wael AlZahrani

Why was it done?

Medication adherence is a global challenge, with nearly half of patients failing to take prescribed therapies consistently. This issue contributes to avoidable hospitalizations, treatment failures, and increased healthcare costs. At King Fahd Armed Forces Hospital (KFAFH) in Jeddah, medication refills are identified as a critical issue affecting both patient outcomes and pharmacy workload, and as key barriers to optimal care. This project aimed to improve patient medication adherence and satisfaction while also reducing pharmacy staff workload.

What was done?

ADHERE Initiative was implemented as value-added services (VAS) include: home medication delivery services (HMDS) integrated with digital health tools (delivery refill tracking, telepharmacy consultations) and streamlined logistics, patient education, and feedback loops. A multidisciplinary team oversaw implementation. Performance was monitored and evaluated.

How was it done?

This Quality Improvement (QI) project was conducted from November 2023 to June 2025, using the Plan Do-Study-Act (PDSA) methodology. Baseline data were collected on patient adherence, satisfaction, and pharmacy workload. Root cause analysis was performed using a fishbone tool. ADHERE Initiative was introduced as an intervention to address identified barriers.

What has been achieved?

The real-world data shows that Patients’ Medication Adherence improved by 51%, and HMDS uptake grew substantially from a negligible start (1%) to sustained levels around 30–44%, surpassing the target in several months. Waiting times improved to around 7 minutes after interventions, indicating reduced in-person demand. Delivery performance was strong inside Jeddah with rapid same-day/24-hour delivery for most patients, while outside Jeddah deliveries reliably reached patients within 2–3 days. Estimated refill-related counter workload reduced by ~40%, freeing staff for clinical duties.

What next?

ADHERE Initiative significantly improves patient medication adherence, enhance patient satisfaction, and reduces pharmacy workload. It highlights the dual benefit of technology-enabled pharmacy services for both patients and healthcare providers. Also, it represents a scalable model for healthcare institutions to transform patient-centered care in Saudi Arabia.

MAKING ANTIBIOTIC DAYS OF TREATMENT ESTIMATION HAPPEN IN UNCOOPERATIVE SYSTEMS: TURNING ROUTINE DATA INTO STEWARDSHIP METRICS

European Statement

Clinical Pharmacy Services

Author(s)

Héctor Rodríguez-Ramallo, Nerea Báez-Gutiérrez, Alicia Melgar-Sánchez, José María Pastor-Martínez, Marta GÓNZALEZ-MARTÍNEZ, Jesus Francisco SIERRA-SÁNCHEZ.

Why was it done?

We designed and implemented a semi-automated method to estimate Days of Therapy for inpatient antibiotic use by leveraging routinely available Athos Prisma prescription exports. The workflow extracts daily prescription data and processes it with an automated script (Stata/Python/R) to generate DOT by antibiotic and hospital unit.

What was done?

DOT is a widely accepted measure of antibiotic exposure, and it is especially useful in paediatrics, where Defined Daily Doses (DDD) are unreliable due to weight variation across ages and heterogeneous “standard” dosing across centres.
Aim: to enable reliable, reproducible DOT measurement from data already available to all Athos Prisma users, facilitating stewardship dashboards and unit-level benchmarking.

How was it done?

Baseline capability: Athos Prisma supports DDD estimation but not DOT.
Data discovery: We identified a standard, centre-agnostic daily prescription export that contains the fields needed to compute DOT.
Processing pipeline: A one-click script parses the daily file, standardises drug names, groups by patient/day, and outputs DOT by antibiotic and unit.
Obstacles & solutions:
• DOT function is not integrated in Athos Prisma → built an external script that any site can run.
• Manual file export burden → consolidated to a single daily export; runtime <1 minute.
• Availability: The code is available on request and can be used by any Athos Prisma-using unit after minor local configuration.

What has been achieved?

We achieved a working code pipeline and measured DOT from June–September 2025 across the hospital. Highlights below:
Antibiotic DOTs Share of total DOT (%)
Amoxicillin/clavulanic 2608 9%
Ceftriaxone 4033 14%
Cefepime 611 2%
Piperacillin 3507 13%
Meropenem 1858 7%
Ciprofloxacin 970 3%
Levofloxacin 1495 5%
Cotrimoxazole 2443 9%
Cloxacillin 207 1%
Cefazolin 993 4%
Linezolid 751 3%
Daptomycin 678 2%

What next?

• Normalize to DOT per 100 patient-days at hospital and unit level.
• Automate the export (scheduled job) and publish weekly dashboards to stewardship teams.
• Set guardrails: prospective alerts for sustained increases in broad-spectrum DOT.
• Validate against a manual audit sample and report inter-method agreement.
• Share pack: provide a turnkey bundle to other centres.

UPSKILLING THE PHARMACY WORKFORCE IN MEDICATION ADHERENCE SUPPORT THROUGH MULTI-SECTOR TRAINING IN NHS SUSSEX

European Statement

Education and Research

Author(s)

Dr Sian Williams, Dr Ella Graham-Rowe, Dr Sarah Chapman and Prof John Weinman

Why was it done?

Non-adherence contributes significantly to preventable harm and waste across health systems. Although pharmacy professionals are well placed to intervene, evidence suggests that current approaches are limited in effectiveness. The aim of this initiative was to provide multi-sector professionals with a shared framework and tools to support adherence, improving patient care and consistency across services.

What was done?

A training programme was developed to improve pharmacy professionals’ confidence and capability in identifying and addressing medication non-adherence. The training was delivered to qualified pharmacists, foundation pharmacists, and pharmacy technicians across NHS Sussex, with a focus on practical skills and evidence-based behavioural change strategies.

How was it done?

The training, developed in collaboration between the University of Brighton and the Centre for Adherence Research and Education at King’s College London, consisted of three components. First, participants completed an online module introducing the causes, types, and consequences of non-adherence. This was followed by a four-hour interactive face-to-face workshop, where attendees were trained in the COM-B (Capability, Opportunity, Motivation – Behaviour) model, the ‘Making Medicines Work for You’ screener, and five practical adherence support strategies based on evidence-based behaviour change techniques. A follow-up online session four weeks later allowed participants to reflect on applying the screener in practice and to share experiences. Cross-sector representation enabled peer learning and discussion of implementation in diverse settings.

What has been achieved?

The initial training reached 26 pharmacy professionals who completed pre- and post-surveys on confidence and practice in identifying and supporting adherence. Analysis showed improved perceived skills and access to tools. A follow-up session revealed early successes alongside barriers, including time pressures in busy settings and challenges embedding the tool into systems that support routine practice.

What next?

This initiative provides an evidence-based model for embedding adherence support into pharmacy practice. It is transferable across integrated care systems and healthcare settings. Future plans include ongoing evaluation and extending training to other clinical teams and policy decision-makers.

EMBEDDING ADHERENCE SCREENING AND BEHAVIOUR CHANGE TRAINING INTO UNDERGRADUATE PHARMACY EDUCATION AT THE UNIVERSITY OF BRIGHTON, UK

European Statement

Education and Research

Author(s)

Ella Graham-Rowe, Sian Williams, Sarah Chapman and John Weinman

Why was it done?

Non-adherence to prescribed medicines remains a global problem, associated with poor health outcomes and increased healthcare costs. Despite pharmacists’ central role in addressing adherence, undergraduate education often lacks practical, evidence-based training. This initiative aimed to equip students early in their professional development with the skills and confidence to identify and support patients with adherence challenges.

What was done?

A structured programme on medication adherence was developed and embedded into the second year of the Master of Pharmacy (MPharm) degree at the University of Brighton. The training introduced students to an adherence screening tool, key behavioural frameworks, and practical support strategies, with opportunities to practise in simulated scenarios and while on placement.

How was it done?

Academic staff were first trained by the Centre for Adherence Research and Education (King’s College London) to deliver their structured programme. The training was then delivered to undergraduates over three two-hour face-to-face workshops. Workshop one explored types and causes of non-adherence using the COM-B (Capability, Opportunity, Motivation – Behaviour) model. Workshop two introduced five evidence-based behaviour change strategies. Workshop three allowed students to apply these skills using the ‘Making Medicines Work for You’ screener in simulated consultations. Learning materials and scenarios were co-developed with practising pharmacits to reflect authentic pharmacy practice.

What has been achieved?

All second-year students completed the training in the 2024–2025 academic year and were assessed in end of year OSCEs. Feedback highlighted notable improvements in students’ consultation and communication skills, along with greater empathetic engagement with patients. Learners described the tools and exercises as engaging and supportive, boosting their confidence in supporting patient adherence.

What next?

This initiative demonstrates that evidence-based adherence training can be effectively integrated into the undergraduate pharmacy curriculum. The approach is transferable to other institutions and may improve medicines optimisation in future clinical practice. In 2025–2026, these students will apply their learning during practice placements across multiple sectors. Further evaluation will explore impact on student performance during placements.

FIRST INDIVIDUALISED BACTERIOPHAGE INTRAVENOUS TREATMENT OF A PATIENT IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC

European Statement

Production and Compounding

Author(s)

Michal Kočí, Kateřina Grygarová

Why was it done?

Individualised bacteriophage therapy has not previously been used in the Czech Republic. A polymorbid patient was treated for over two years for recurrent spondylodiscitis caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Despite various antibiotic regimens, the infection could not be controlled, leading to repeated hospitalisations. Based on international experience, the medical-head of the infectious diseases department asked the hospital pharmacy to procure a bacteriophage medicine active against the patient\’s specific pathogen.

What was done?

The objective was to analyse the legislative pathway and subsequently secure approval for, prepare, and administer individualised phage therapy as a salvage treatment for a patient with a chronic, antibiotic-resistant infection.

How was it done?

In collaboration with the infectious disease clinic and a domestic phage manufacturer, the optimal regulatory route was identified and an approval for using the active pharmaceutical ingredient containing bacteriophage for final drug preparation was requested from the Ministry of Health and the State Institute for Drug Control. The hospital pharmacy coordinated the entire submission process, overcoming regulatory and production challenges. Following approval, the pharmacy secured the delivery and developed a new Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for the aseptic preparation of the phage lysate for intravenous administration.

What has been achieved?

After successfully obtaining all approvals, the pharmacy prepared and dispensed 35 intravenous infusions. Following the therapy, the patient has remained symptom-free for nine months and significant clinical improvement was observed. The infection is currently considered effectively treated, and no further infection-related hospitalisations have been necessary. This outcome demonstrates the successful implementation of a complex therapeutic strategy, from regulatory navigation to clinical application.

What next?

This pioneering initiative demonstrates that individualised bacteriophage therapy might be, in some cases, a feasible and safe option for patients with untreatable, multi-resistant infections. It highlights the crucial role of the hospital pharmacist in this process. Significantly, this first-in-country application sparked a nationwide expert debate and directly contributed to the establishment of a Ministry of Health working group on bacteriophages. This established pathway could be transferable to other Czech hospitals, and possibly even to other European countries.

MEDICATION ERROR IN A CLINICAL TRIAL: ROOT CAUSE ANALYSIS AND IMPROVEMENT ACTIONS

European Statement

Patient Safety and Quality Assurance

Author(s)

Cristina Garcia Fernandez, Estela Alamino Arrebola, Bárbara Lopez Bautís, Carmen Gallego Fernandez, Begoña Tortajada Goitia.

Why was it done?

Patient safety in clinical trials relies on the correct management of both investigational and auxiliary/comparator medications. While investigational products are usually managed through automated systems (e.g., IWRS) ensuring traceability and standardization, auxiliary medications often lack similar oversight from sponsors. A preventable medication error in an oncology clinical trial—caused by the preparation of an incorrect drug concentration due to the absence of automated supply and harmonization—highlighted the need to analyze system gaps and implement corrective actions to strengthen patient safety and medication traceability.

What was done?

A Root Cause Analysis (RCA) was conducted following the detection of a medication error involving the preparation of hospital stock (20 mg/mL) instead of the clinical trial formulation (10 mg/mL). The objective was to identify systemic weaknesses and design a Corrective and Preventive Action (CAPA) plan aimed at preventing recurrence and improving management of auxiliary medication in clinical trials.

How was it done?

The RCA was performed in July 2025 using the “5 Whys” methodology, supported by:
-Document review, staff interviews, and chronological reconstruction of the event.
-Analysis of human, technical, communicative, and organizational factors.
-Classification of the incident (NCC MERP category D — no patient harm).
Corrective measures implemented included:
– Creation of a pre-trial pharmacy checklist to ensure drug availability and concentration verification.
– Mandatory pharmaceutical validation after any protocol amendment.
– Formal requests to sponsors to standardize drug concentrations across sites.
– Improved communication channels between sponsors, pharmacy, and clinical teams

What has been achieved?

-Identification of the main root cause: lack of automation in auxiliary drug supply requiring manual requests.
-Prevention of similar future events through harmonized pharmacy processes.
-Reinforcement of patient safety culture and traceability of clinical trial medications.
-Strengthened collaboration among hospital pharmacy, clinical teams, and sponsors.
-No patient harm resulted from the event, confirming the importance of early detection and system review.

What next?

-Extend IWRS automation and standardization practices to include auxiliary medications in all clinical trials.
-Share the initiative with other hospital pharmacies and sponsors to promote harmonization at institutional and multicenter levels.
-Continue monitoring the implemented CAPA and evaluate its impact on error prevention.
-Foster continuous improvement in pharmacy oversight and communication workflows for clinical research.

IMPLEMENTATION OF A MULTIDISCIPLINARY PROTOCOL FOR CAB/RPV IM IN HIV CARE

European Statement

Patient Safety and Quality Assurance

Author(s)

A. VARAS PEREZ1, MJ. LOPEZ MUÑOZ1, C. RODRIGUEZ MORETA1.
1HOSPITAL SERRANIA DE RONDA, FARMACIA, RONDA, SPAIN.

Why was it done?

Long-acting injectable antiretroviral therapy represents a major advancement in HIV management. This method of administration is novel, and as such, a process must be defined that involves different healthcare professionals and that must provide the patient with the training related to the administration in the best way. The intramuscular combination of cabotegravir and rilpivirine (CAB/RPV IM) offers an alternative to daily oral regimens, potentially improving adherence and patient quality of life. To ensure safe and efficient implementation, a multidisciplinary protocol was developed in a primary hospital.

What was done?

A coordinated protocol was established for the prescription, validation, dispensing, and administration of CAB/RPV IM, involving hospital pharmacy, nursing, and medical teams. Outcomes were assessed after one year of implementation.

How was it done?

A retrospective, cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted, analyzing CAB/RPV IM administrations recorded since March 2024. Inclusion criteria included virologic suppression, stable oral regimen, absence of resistance mutations to CAB/RPV, no hepatitis B coinfection, and patient commitment to scheduled visits. Electronic prescribing via Farmatools® triggered appointments with pharmacy and nursing. Pharmacists provided individualized care and scheduled doses within the ±7-day window, aligned with nursing availability. Patients received automated email reminders; missed appointments prompted follow-up calls. Delays beyond seven days were reported to the physician. Data on administration dates, discontinuations and reasons, viral load, and dosing intervals were extracted from the External Patient Module PRISMA and electronic health records.

What has been achieved?

A total of 518 doses were administered to 138 patients. Nine patients (6.5%) discontinued treatment due to adverse effects, personal/work conflicts, pregnancy, anticoagulation, or lack of appropriate needles. No virologic failures occurred. All doses were administered within the ±7-day window (mean deviation: -1.9 ± 2.0 days). The average number of doses per patient was 3.6 (range: 1–7). Nursing intervened in 4.5% of follow-up visits due to missed appointments. Email reminders reached 81.9% of patients. The protocol enabled integrated care, improved adherence, and ensured safe delivery of CAB/RPV IM therapy.

What next?

Expansion of the protocol to new candidates is planned, along with enhanced interprofessional coordination and digital tools for active follow-up. This experience may serve as a model for other centers implementing CAB/RPV IM in HIV care.

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A PROGRAM FOR THE ADMINISTRATION AND FOLLOW-UP OF PHARMACOTHERAPEUTIC DRUGS IN PATIENTS WITH LONG-ACTING ANTI-HIV DRUGS

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European Statement

Clinical Pharmacy Services

Author(s)

MARTÍNEZ LLIBERATO, A; COMPANY ALBIR, MJ; VICENTE ESCRIG, E; VALLEJO GARCÍA, R; RUBIO ORTOLÁ, L; GARCÍA MONTAÑÉS, S; BELLÉS MEDALL, MD; FERRANDO PIQUERES, R

Why was it done?

It was carried out to ensure the best monitoring, traceability and conservation of long-acting antiretroviral drugs, as well as to improve adherence and patient quality of life and reduce stigma in HIV patients.

What was done?

A program was developed for the administration and pharmacotherapeutic monitoring of patients who are candidates for long-acting antiretroviral treatment (LA-ART), coordinated with the infectious diseases unit (IDU) and the Hospital Pharmacy Outpatient Unit (HPOU).

How was it done?

After the inclusion of the drugs in the pharmacotherapeutic guide, the following program was designed:
1. Identification and communication to the HPOU by the IDU of patients who are candidates for LA-ART and electronic prescription.
2. Initial visit (week 0):
• Review and validation of the treatment by the pharmacist: indication, dosage regimen, interactions, contraindications.
• Planning of the annual administration calendar, providing two dates within the window period allowed by these drugs. Patients are scheduled for pharmaceutical care (PC) and administration on working Thursdays, in the HPOU Health Education Consultation agenda, which has a nurse.
• Information to the patient by the pharmacist, orally and in writing, about administration and adverse reactions. In addition, the annual appointment schedule is provided.
• Appointment of the patient for the first successive visit, if the patient accepts the start.
3. SMS sent the day before, to remind the patient of the follow-up visit. If the patient cannot attend the scheduled appointment, he/she will contact the HPOU to schedule an alternative date according to the calendar.
4. Successive visits (week 4 and every 8 weeks):
• PC
• Intramuscular administration by a nurse.
In all visits, the information is recorded in the patient’s computerized medical history.

What has been achieved?

Of 18 candidate patients in 18 months, 15 accepted ART after the initial visit. 89 PC and administration consultations have been carried out. Adherence was 100%, all reported local discomfort at the injection site between 1 and 7 days after administration and only 1 patient reported pyrexia.

What next?

A program applicable to all HPOU that have nursing and a Health Education consultation to implement adherence in these patients.