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Hospital pharmacists contribute to a safe and efficient use of chimeric antigen receptor T cell drugs.
European Statement
Selection, Procurement and Distribution
Author(s)
José Luis Revuelta Herrero, Vicente Escudero, Roberto Collado, Belén Marzal, Ana Herranz, María Sanjurjo
Why was it done?
CAR-T cell-based therapies are advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMP) that are considered as drugs by the European regulatory authorities. ATMPs are usually associated with strong logistic and traceability requirements, serious adverse events and a high budget impact. Hospital pharmacists can help ensure a safe and efficient use of these drugs.
What was done?
A chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell Therapy Committee was created in 2019 and it included members from the hematology, oncology, pediatric onco-hematology, hospital pharmacy, neurology, critical care medicine and immunology departments. An operating procedure defined the specific functions of the pharmacy department in the management of these drugs in the CAR-T cell program.
How was it done?
As some responsibilities might be shared with other professionals, it was key to define everyone’s contributions. In our case, an operating procedure with the responsibilities of the pharmacy department was developed based on the national and regional action plans for ATMPs in the national health system and the risk management plans for each drug. This operating procedure was reviewed and approved by the Committee.
What has been achieved?
The operating procedure was fully implemented and included the participation of hospital pharmacists in the following steps:
• Procurement: the inclusion of a patient in the program is agreed upon the Committee. The pharmacists provide a purchase order when all the requirements are met.
• Leukapheresis and shipment to the manufacturer: the apheresis is included in the computerized physician order entry (CPOE) and it is verified to confirm wash-out periods. Before the shipment, the pharmacists record the apheresis unique identifier and patient data.
• Product receipt: the pharmacists verify at receipt that the patient identity chain and the integrity of the product have been preserved.
• Bridge and lymphodepleting chemotherapy, CAR-T administration: specific protocols have been included in the CPOE. Prescriptions are verified by the pharmacists with special attention to the drug-free periods. After transporting the drug to the clinical unit and preparation, a pharmacy label for dispensing and administration is generated. This label includes a barcode for patient identity verification at bedside.
• Outcomes monitoring and pharmacovigilance: kits are provided to the clinical units for the management of CAR-T associated toxicities. Pharmacists are responsible for the adverse reactions reporting in coordination with clinicians.
What next?
We developed verification lists for each of the previous steps that have already been published (DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.636068). More ATMPs are expected to come and their management will require the participation of hospital pharmacists from different areas of expertise (procurement, clinical pharmacy, compounding etc).