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Development of a compact, disposable filter to reduce the discharge of pharmaceutical waste into the sewer

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European Statement

Production and Compounding

Author(s)

Annemarie Aart van der – Beek van der, Mattijs Maris, Erwin Koetse, Alex Hol, Meilof Feiken

Why was it done?

Hospital Pharmacies and especially the laboratories produce wastewater containing medicine residue. When this wastewater is discharged into sewage it contributes to the load of pharmaceutical residue and ultimately to pollution of surface-, ground and drinking water. To reduce this load, waste can be collected and transported to a processing facility for incineration and deactivation or alternatively treated locally. Our goal was to develop a practically applicable method that could effectively reduce the pharmaceutical sewage load locally, at the source.

What was done?

We developed a practical, compact, disposable filtration system that can be used on-site to reduce the amount of pharmaceutical residue in wastewater of our pharmaceutical laboratory. We tested and optimized the composition of the filter to effectively collect organic substances from locally produced wastewater (influent). We monitored filter performance and durability by analysis of filtrates (effluent).

How was it done?

Laboratory wastewater was collected during one month to yield 10 L influent. Portions of influent were filtered through 9 different types of filter packing and the effluents collected for analysis.
The influent reference and effluent samples were analysed using an iontrap LC/MS screening method using diazepam-D5 as an internal standard. The signal abundance 12 most relevant substances was chosen to evaluate the level of reduction by filtration. Based on these analyses, the optimal filter packing was determined.

What has been achieved?

In the effluent of the best performing filter packing, the abundance of 9 substances was reduced by 91,5-99,9%. The abundance for the other 3 substances was below detection limit.
Substances removed more >99%: atorvastatine, carbamazepine, clarithromycine, diclofenac, granisetron, midazolam, naproxen, propranolol and rocuronium. Substances removed between 91-99%: cefazolin, ephedrine and ropivacaine.

What next?

The optimal filter composition will be tested in practice in a test setup. In addition, cost effectiveness and sustainability compared to alternative waste collection methods will be evaluated.

Reconciliation of shared medicine record at discharge: hospital pharmacy ensures correct information on patients’ transition

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European Statement

Patient Safety and Quality Assurance

Author(s)

Linda Jeffery, Maria Grønkjær Abrahamsen, Anja Alrø Bøtkjær, Lotte Aggergaard, Ann Brit Andersen

Why was it done?

Our country has a national SMR for every citizen. The SMR shows the current medication that the citizen has been prescribed, from all sectors. All sectors can see the SMR, which is considered/ought to be the ‘truth’ about the patient’s medication. On discharge from the hospital the SMR is updated by the doctor. Afterwards, pharmacy technicians dispense medicines for discharge. The technicians, at this stage, often find discrepancies in the SMR compared to the medication prescribed and given during admission. The SMR is electronically updated but not adequately reconciled. False information in the SMR may ultimately lead to adverse drug safety events in the primary sector.

What was done?

The regional hospital pharmacy patient safety network studied how many patients do not have a reconciled electronic Shared Medication Record (SMR) at discharge, despite the doctor having electronically updated it.

How was it done?

The technician recorded the discrepancies found before contacting the doctor to get the SMR corrected.
Each discrepancy was reported into the national patient safety database.
The technicians do not dispense medicines to all discharged patients, so our results were extrapolated to all discharged patients in the time period (there was no reason to expect bias).
The study was carried out in the whole region (5 hospitals) during the same week in September 2022.

What has been achieved?

Preliminary data shows that 994 patients were discharged from the wards studied.
Technicians dispensed medicines to 278 patients. They found one or more discrepancies in 65 SMRs (23,4%).
Extrapolation of these results revealed that, in the period, there were potentially 232 patients with drug-related problems from these wards (and approx. 17,000/year in the region).

What next?

Our results showed that the SMR is not adequately reconciled in 23% of discharges, despite the doctor feeling that the task is completed. This gives drug related problems in the primary sector, often resulting in calls to the ward etc. that are time consuming and difficult to solve after discharge. Updating the SMR at discharge is essential for patient safety under transition of care. Our results will be brought to the hospital administrations, patient safety organisations and the regional medicines board for further discussion about the problem and possible solutions.

CONTINUITY IN PERIOPERATIVE MEDICATION MANAGEMENT

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European Statement

Patient Safety and Quality Assurance

Author(s)

A. Navarro-Ruíz, C. Matoses-Chirivella, J.M. Del Moral-Sánchez, M. Morante, F.J. Rodríguez-Lucena, R. Gutiérrez-Vozmediano, A. Martínez-Valero, A. Andújar, E. García-Iranzo, A. Martí-LLorca

Why was it done?

There is evidence of discontinuity medication between different health care levels. In fact, on admission to hospital, up to one in two patients has an incomplete medicine list , resulting in a medicine not being administered during the hospital stay. This situation could be associated with an increased risk of hospital readmission or adverse drug reaction (ADR). Some studies show that an elevated percentage of surgical patients take medications prior to surgery, cardiac medications principally, but almost 50% of the drugs are omitted on the day of surgery.

What was done?

To develop a guideline to achieve the continuity of quality use of medicines between hospital and community in surgical patients.

How was it done?

The lack of medical evidence is reflected by the large variation in perioperative management recommendations among several group of experts. The recommendations in this guideline are to a large degree expert opinion, based on information from other reviews and textbooks, along with clinical experience. After a thorough review, the guide has obtained the consent of the Commission of pharmacy and therapeutics of the hospital.

What has been achieved?

The guide of conciliation of the medication includes a medication review structured according to the classification made by WHO ‘Anatomical, Therapeutic, Chemical classification system’. In each one of them, including the benefits and risks of continuing with this therapy during the perioperative process. It also includes various annexes, on antihypertensive, glucocorticoids and medicinal plants.

What next?

In the future, we would recommend prioritising the conciliation to the discharge with respect to other points of transition assistance, since the potential severity of an error of conciliation not intercepted the discharge of the patient is greater than if it occurs within the hospital.

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